{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:58:53Z","timestamp":1793419133879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"52","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS110901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS110901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primate societies rely on the production and interpretation of social signals, in particular those displayed by the face. Facial movements are controlled, according to the dominant neuropsychological schema, by two separate circuits, one originating in medial frontal cortex controlling emotional expressions, and a second one originating in lateral motor and premotor areas controlling voluntary facial movements. Despite this functional dichotomy, cortical anatomy suggests that medial and lateral areas are directly connected and may thus operate as a single network. Here, we test these contrasting hypotheses through structural and functional MRI (fMRI) guided electrical stimulation and simultaneous multichannel recordings from key facial motor areas in the macaque monkey brain. These areas include medial facial motor area M3 (located in the anterior cingulate cortex); two lateral face-related motor areas: M1 (primary motor) and PMv (ventrolateral premotor); and S1 (primary somatosensory cortex). Cortical responses evoked by intracortical stimulation revealed that medial and lateral areas can exert significant functional impact on each other. Simultaneous recordings of local field potentials in all facial motor areas further confirm that during facial expressions, medial and lateral facial motor areas significantly interact, primarily in the alpha and beta frequency ranges, whereas during voluntary chewing, coupling occurs at lower frequencies. These functional interactions varied across facial movement types. Thus, at the cortical level, the control of facial movements is not mediated through independent (medial\/lateral) functional streams, but results from an interacting sensorimotor network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2512604122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1766508495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neural synchrony links sensorimotor cortices in a network for facial motor control"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriria","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"HHMI, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6514-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geena R.","family":"Ianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1927-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie","family":"Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University","place":["Nijmegen, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg","place":["Salzburg, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas City"]},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas City"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4315-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc H.","family":"Schieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraz","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1988-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifat","family":"Prut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem","place":["Jerusalem, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8456-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winrich A.","family":"Freiwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.720294"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado4341"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11129"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. 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V\u00e1zquez Data from \u201cNeural Synchrony Links Sensorimotor Cortices in a Network for Facial Motor Control.\u201d Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17553151. Deposited 6 December 2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.04.641458"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","unstructured":"Y. V\u00e1zquez yuvazu\/facial-motor-synchrony-code. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/yuvazu\/facial-motor-synchrony-code. 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