{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:27:59Z","timestamp":1788542879260,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LS-ECIAMEE-00001549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS-ECIAMEE-00001549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE-1848576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-1848576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE-1948842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-1948842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE-2124014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-2124014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The ocean\u2019s biological carbon pump exports atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to the deep ocean, where it can remain sequestered for decades to centuries, and attempts to artificially enhance this natural carbon sink by fertilizing portions of the open ocean could help mitigate the impacts of excessive anthropogenic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. However, differences in the cycling rates of carbon and other nutrients may impact the long-term response to ocean fertilization. In this study, we use a steady-state global biogeochemical inverse model, optimized to match hydrographic observations, to examine how differential production, remineralization, and circulation-driven re-exposure timescales of organic carbon and phosphorus affect long-term carbon sequestration. We partition global organic matter production based on the time required for regenerated carbon and phosphorus to return to the ocean surface. We find that less than 15% of total organic carbon and 31% of total organic phosphorus production remains sequestered in the ocean interior for\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    1 y, with only 3.3% (1.8 Pg C y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and 8.3% (0.046 Pg P y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), respectively, remaining for a century or longer. The C:P ratio of the sequestration flux declines with increasing residence time, from 255:1 for total production to 98:1 for material sequestered for 100+ years, indicating that carbon is recycled to the surface more rapidly than phosphorus. This decoupling between carbon and phosphorus sequestration timescales could result in a \u201cproductivity hangover,\u201d where the slow recovery of surface phosphate leads to a long-term suppression of global productivity, reducing the net removal of atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2514991123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:07:46Z","timestamp":1771355266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Decoupled timescales of organic carbon and phosphorus recycling in the global ocean"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5883-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan R.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"University of California","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography","place":["Narragansett"]},{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Narragansett"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7452-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois W.","family":"Primeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"University of California","place":["Irvine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"University of California","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Oceanography","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Camps-Castell\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Inomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography","place":["Narragansett"]},{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Narragansett"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam C.","family":"Martiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"University of California","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology","place":["Irvine"]},{"name":"University of California","place":["Irvine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"IPCC \u201cSummary for policymakers\u201d in Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. 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