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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Amorphous materials driven away from equilibrium display a diverse repertoire of complex, history-dependent behaviors. One striking feature is a failure to return to equilibrium after an abrupt change in otherwise static external conditions. Instead, amorphous materials often exhibit physical aging: an ever-slowing, nonexponential relaxation that can span a huge range of timescales. Here, we examine the aging behavior of three different amorphous materials subjected to slow periodic driving. The results reveal a generic aging phenomenon characterized by a logarithmic decay of dissipation per cycle. This observation is evaluated against several mesoscopic models of amorphous matter that successfully capture aging under static conditions: i) a collection of noninteracting relaxation processes ii) a noisy hysteron model with random pairwise interactions, and iii) a structural model consisting of a random network of bistable elastic bonds. We find that only the latter model reproduces all experimental findings and relates its success to its persistent, slow exploration of a complex energy landscape with clear signatures of replica symmetry breaking. Thus, cyclic driving emerges as a simple yet powerful protocol to characterize amorphous materials, probe their complex energy landscapes, and distinguish between different models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2515075123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:52:59Z","timestamp":1771440779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Aging of amorphous materials under cyclic strain"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4573-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dor","family":"Shohat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"Tel Aviv University","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"Tel Aviv University","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Baconnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information in Matter","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"AMOLF","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itamar","family":"Procaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-Europe Complexity Science Center","place":["Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"School of Mathematics","place":["Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"North University of China","place":["Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics","place":["Rehovot, Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry","place":["Rehovot, Israel"]},{"name":"The Weizmann Institute of Science","place":["Rehovot, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"van Hecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information in Matter","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"AMOLF","place":["Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory","place":["Leiden, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Leiden University","place":["Leiden, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5952-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Lahini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"Tel Aviv University","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]},{"name":"Tel Aviv University","place":["Tel Aviv, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065675"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A statistical mechanics perspective on glasses and aging","author":"Arceri F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"F. 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