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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a high-spatiotemporal-resolution measure of cortical activity (cortical surface electrical potentials, CSEPs) in humans and animals. The CSEP high-gamma band (H\u03b3, 65 to 170 Hz) correlates with neuronal firing rates at the columnar spatial scale and is widely used as a biomarker of local activity. Whether H\u03b3 reports all stages of columnar processing, intermediate processing in L2\/3 (close to the ECoG electrode), or the main columnar output in L5, is unknown. We disentangled the laminar origins of H\u03b3 and other ECoG bands by optogenetically suppressing L2\/3 or L5 pyramidal cells during micro-ECoG recording in the mouse somatosensory cortex. Whisker deflections evoked transient, topographically localized CSEPs. L5 optogenetic suppression most strongly reduced 65 to 450 Hz (H\u03b3-uH\u03b3) bands in sensory-evoked ECoG signals, whereas L2\/3 suppression most strongly reduced 4 to 27 Hz (\u03b8-\u03b2) bands. Thus, different CSEP frequency bands reflect layer-specific activity and are biomarkers of distinct stages of sensory-evoked columnar processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2516293123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:37:16Z","timestamp":1775065036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct laminar origins of sensory-evoked high-gamma and low-frequency ECoG signals revealed by optogenetics"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2451-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Marie","family":"Garderes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of California","place":["Berkeley"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of California","place":["Berkeley"]},{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California","place":["Berkeley"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristofer E.","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California","place":["Berkeley"]},{"name":"Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab","place":["Berkeley"]},{"name":"Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California","place":["Berkeley"]},{"name":"Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab","place":["Berkeley"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"2301","article-title":"Functional mapping of human sensorimotor cortex with electrocorticographic spectral analysis. 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