{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:46:35Z","timestamp":1790282795602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that inhibits viral infections through various mechanisms. Here, we identify PLSCR1 as a host restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 entry by impairing membrane fusion mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (Env). Using multiple cell types including the human SupT1 T cell line and purified CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, we demonstrate that PLSCR1 inhibits the replication of HIV-1 with diverse tropisms and subtypes, as well as HIV-2 and SIV. Mechanistically, we find that PLSCR1 blocks viral entry and cell-to-cell transmission, in part by restricting HIV-1 virion\u2013cell and cell\u2013cell fusion without affecting CD4 or CXCR4 expression or virus binding to the cell surface. Collectively, these findings establish PLSCR1 as a broad-spectrum lentiviral restriction factor that acts at the membrane fusion stage, thereby expanding our understanding of ISG-mediated antiviral defense.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2516527122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T15:51:10Z","timestamp":1758901870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["IFN-inducible human phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) protein restricts HIV-1 infection by inhibiting membrane fusion"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Yajie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Min","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6762-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Hikichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute","place":["Frederick"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherimay D.","family":"Ablan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute","place":["Frederick"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric O.","family":"Freed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute","place":["Frederick"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1620-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan-Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus"]},{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State 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