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CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated targeting of a single membrane-anchored collagenase, MMP14\/MT1-MMP, ablates tissue-invasive activity while coregulating cancer cell transcriptional programs. Though changes in matrix architecture, nuclear rigidity, and metabolic stress as well as the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts are proposed to support amoeboid activity, none of these changes restore invasive activity of MMP14-targeted cancer cells. While a requirement for MMP14 is bypassed in low-density collagen hydrogels, invasion by the proteinase-deleted cells is associated with nuclear envelope and DNA damage, highlighting a proteolytic requirement for maintaining nuclear integrity. Nevertheless, when cancer cells confront explants of live human breast tissue, MMP14 is again required to support invasive activity. Corroborating these results, spatial transcriptomic and immunohistological analyses of human breast cancers identified MMP14 expression in tissue-infiltrating carcinoma cells that were further juxtaposed with proteolyzed type I collagen fragments, underlining the pathophysiologic importance of this proteinase in directing invasive activity in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2520717123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1775842462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Amoeboid\u2013mesenchymal transition and the proteolytic control of cancer invasion plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology Department, Life Sciences Institute, University of 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