{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:28:53Z","timestamp":1793244533895,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 GM137888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM137888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000997","name":"Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Beckman Young Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Beckman Young Investigator Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000875","name":"Pew Charitable Trusts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001207","name":"Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship Award in Neuroscience"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship Award in Neuroscience"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009559","name":"Life Sciences Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSRF Postdoctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSRF Postdoctoral Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009559","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Each year, hundreds of millions of people are sickened by diseases that are transmitted through mosquito bites, including dengue, Zika, and malaria. Mosquito biting does not occur uniformly throughout the day and peak biting times follow species-specific patterns. While host-associated cues, like carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), behaviorally activate human-biting mosquitoes to search for a host, the mechanisms that regulate these responses throughout the day remain poorly understood. Here, we introduce an automated behavioral tracking system to investigate time-of-day variation of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    responsiveness in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We find that while acute responses to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    remain consistently high throughout the light phase, response persistence peaks only at dawn and dusk, in alignment with field-observed biting rhythms. We identify the circadian neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) as a key regulator in the daily timing of spontaneous locomotor activity and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    response persistence. Mosquitoes lacking PDF show reduced activity and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    persistence in the morning. In response to a blood meal baited with heat and human odorants,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pdf<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants also show reduced feeding in the morning and midday. Additionally, loss of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pdf<\/jats:italic>\n                    impacts the spatial pattern of PDF immunostaining and cell-autonomous clock gene oscillation in the central circadian system. Notably, acute CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    responsiveness remains rhythmic without external zeitgeber cues and is unaffected in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pdf<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms for acute CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation versus response persistence. These findings reveal a circadian layer of control of mosquito activity pattern that temporally modulate host-seeking drive.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2520826122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:06:16Z","timestamp":1762887976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Time-of-day modulation in mosquito response persistence to carbon dioxide is controlled by Pigment-Dispersing Factor"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6668-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linhan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0231-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Hormigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Instrumentation Group, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jord M.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"Barnard College","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Greppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura B.","family":"Duvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University","place":["New York"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The national public health strategy to prevent and control vector-borne diseases in people (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1539832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: Malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus","volume":"16","author":"Caraballo H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. Caraballo, K. King, Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: Malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg. Med. Pract. 16, 1\u201323 (2014).","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. 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Deposited 12 February 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2520826122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:06:40Z","timestamp":1762888000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2520826122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2520826122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2520826122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2520826122"}}