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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 respiratory-tract infection affects both vaccinated and unvaccinated persons suggesting factors besides adaptive immunity are operative. We investigated the role of collectin-11 (CL-11), an epithelial-secreted carbohydrate-binding lectin that drives innate immunity and eliminates pathogens by complement activation. SARS-CoV-2, despite binding CL-11 to activate complement, was resistant to lysis. Remarkably, opsonization by CL-11 enhanced virus production by infected respiratory epithelial cells independently of complement. Furthermore, infected cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein displayed enhanced vulnerability to CL-11 binding and membrane attack by complement. The mechanism of enhanced infectivity was ablated in the presence of L-fucose, which occupied the extended carbohydrate-binding cleft of CL-11 in a crystallographic analysis of complexes between L-fucose and CL-11. Our study suggests pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 is related to complement-resistance together with enhanced infectivity and injury of respiratory epithelial cells mediated by locally released CL-11.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2521209122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:10:56Z","timestamp":1761322256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Glycan recognition by collectin-11 drives SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and membrane injury of respiratory epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Polycarpou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College","place":["London, United 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