{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:06:28Z","timestamp":1788606388527,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI141532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI141532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI119081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI119081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI077726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI077726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alphaviruses establish persistent infections in mosquito vectors despite robust antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathways, suggesting that they employ mechanisms to counteract host immunity. We demonstrate that the nsP2 protein of Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototype alphavirus, functions as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes. Using a SINV mutant (2V) that prevents cleavage at the nsP2\u2013nsP3 junction, we show that proper proteolytic processing to release mature nsP2 is essential for efficient viral replication in mosquitoes with intact RNAi pathways. Replication defects in the 2V mutant were rescued in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dicer-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dcr-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) null mutant mosquitoes or by expressing the mature nsP2 protein. Biochemical assays revealed that recombinant nsP2 directly binds double-stranded RNA and inhibits Dicer-mediated processing into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Furthermore, mosquitoes infected with the 2V mutant exhibited higher ratios of virus-derived siRNAs per viral RNA compared to wild-type infections, confirming that mature nsP2 suppresses the RNAi response. Our findings provide compelling evidence that nsP2 antagonizes RNA silencing in mosquito vectors, representing a critical adaptation that facilitates alphavirus replication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2521417123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T20:01:13Z","timestamp":1770667273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antagonism of RNA silencing in the yellow fever mosquito,\n                    <i>Aedes aegypti<\/i>\n                    , by the nsP2 protein of the prototype alphavirus"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5038-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adarsh K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University","place":["College Station"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine","place":["Omaha"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Myles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University","place":["College 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