{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:51:21Z","timestamp":1791229881054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["430-2020-0536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2020-0536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["752-2021-1111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["752-2021-1111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT27584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT27584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5842-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5842-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Historical narratives of early colonization in Quebec frequently portray French\u2013Indigenous relations as cooperative and characterized by admixture; which are often mobilized in modern debates on false-indigeneity. These narratives have been studied through genealogical, genetic, and bioarchaeological analyses, yet individuals of African descent remain mostly absent from them, while Indigenous peoples are framed largely in relation to colonists. Notre-Dame Cemetery (1683\u20131796) in Tiohti\u00e0:ke-Montr\u00e9al offers a unique window onto one of the earliest urban colonial populations in Nouvelle France, but previous bioarchaeological studies have produced conflicting interpretations regarding the presence of non-European or admixed individuals. Here, we generated ancient DNA from 45 individuals and applied genotype imputation, runs-of-homozygosity, and identity-by-descent analyses to reevaluate genetic relatedness and cemetery organization. Our results show exclusively French European ancestry. We observe low levels of close-kin unions and identify several genetic lineages distributed across the cemetery\u2019s successive burial phases rather than family clustering or religious ordering. The spatial organization of the graves is consistent with rapid demographic growth, with successive burials overlapping one another, before being disrupted by urban development. Rooted in Indigenous decolonial frameworks, these findings challenge the \u2018admixed founding population\u2019 narrative, aligning with historical evidence of Indigenous and African-descended marginalization while highlighting the social inequalities shaping this colonial urban cemetery. Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s bioarchaeological practices must move beyond blood ties as the sole measure of kinship and commit to legal frameworks that better reflect reciprocal obligations of care, in order to overcome the colonial structures that still define heritage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2523026123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:04:00Z","timestamp":1791227040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancient DNA challenges to admixture narratives: Insights from Notre-Dame Cemetery (1683\u20131796) in Colonial Montreal, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Martin-Moya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departement of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xrw9r68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, Physics and Forensic Science, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","place":["Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vs03g62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute-OMICS Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam Thomas","family":"Lanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen","place":["1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Archaeology, Saxo Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen","place":["2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7324-5226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan K.","family":"Irving Pease","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen","place":["1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5025-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Racimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen","place":["1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2744-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Bh\u00e9rer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen","place":["1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035b05819","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Archaeology, Saxo Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen","place":["2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4295-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Hussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vs03g62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute-OMICS Research Centre Montreal Heart Institute","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Mila\u2014Qu\u00e9bec AI Institute Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Milot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xrw9r68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, Physics and Forensic Science, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","place":["Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Ribot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Departement of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14375\/NP.9782081502260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"P.-A. Linteau Une histoire de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Bor\u00e9al (2017) 360 p ISBN 978-2-7646-2472-2."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/books.pum.5617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/chr.1060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"Habitants et marchands de Montr\u00e9al au XVIIe si\u00e8cle","author":"Dech\u00eane L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"L. Dech\u00eane, Habitants et marchands de Montr\u00e9al au XVIIe si\u00e8cle (Plon, 1974)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9782760643024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"672 pp","volume-title":"L\u2019esclavage et les Noirs \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, 1760\u20131840","author":"Mackey F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"F. Mackey, L\u2019esclavage et les Noirs \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, 1760\u20131840 (\u00c9ditions Hurtubise, 2013), 672 pp."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"108p","volume-title":"\u00c9tude compar\u00e9e de la mortalit\u00e9 des esclaves noirs et des esclaves autochtones du Qu\u00e9bec ancien (1632\u20131834)","author":"Dupuis C. A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"C. A. Dupuis, \u00c9tude compar\u00e9e de la mortalit\u00e9 des esclaves noirs et des esclaves autochtones du Qu\u00e9bec ancien (1632\u20131834) (Master\u2019s thesis, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2021), 108p."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"L\u2019origine des Am\u00e9rindiens inhum\u00e9s dans le premier cimeti\u00e8re de Ville-Marie, 1643\u20131654","volume":"15","author":"Bergeron A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"A. Bergeron, L\u2019origine des Am\u00e9rindiens inhum\u00e9s dans le premier cimeti\u00e8re de Ville-Marie, 1643\u20131654. Arch\u00e9ologiques 15, 93\u201398 (2001).","journal-title":"Arch\u00e9ologiques"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"S\u00e9minaire de Saint-Sulpice (BjFj-018) et ancienne \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (BjFj-112). Op\u00e9ration 14 de BjFj-018 et op\u00e9ration 27 de BjFj-112, Place d\u2019Armes. Inventaire arch\u00e9ologique, \u00e9t\u00e9 2010., S\u00e9minaire de Saint-Sulpice","author":"Arch\u00e9otec","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arch\u00e9otec, S\u00e9minaire de Saint-Sulpice (BjFj-018) et ancienne \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (BjFj-112). Op\u00e9ration 14 de BjFj-018 et op\u00e9ration 27 de BjFj-112, Place d\u2019Armes. Inventaire arch\u00e9ologique, \u00e9t\u00e9 2010., S\u00e9minaire de Saint-Sulpice (Rapport pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au minist\u00e8re de la Culture et des Communications, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada, 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"Interventions arch\u00e9ologiques sur le site de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (BjFj-112), Vieux-Montr\u00e9al., Ville de Montr\u00e9al","author":"Ark\u00e9os","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ark\u00e9os, Interventions arch\u00e9ologiques sur le site de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (BjFj-112), Vieux-Montr\u00e9al., Ville de Montr\u00e9al (Rapport pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au Minist\u00e8re de la Culture et des Communications, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada, 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","volume-title":"Interventions arch\u00e9ologiques dans les rues de Montr\u00e9al, 2008\u20132010. Dans le cadre du programme de r\u00e9fection et de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures d\u2019aqueduc et d\u2019\u00e9gout incluant les travaux de voirie, pour le r\u00e9seau art\u00e9riel et local ainsi que le territoire de l\u2019agglom\u00e9ration","author":"Ark\u00e9os","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ark\u00e9os, Interventions arch\u00e9ologiques dans les rues de Montr\u00e9al, 2008\u20132010. Dans le cadre du programme de r\u00e9fection et de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019infrastructures d\u2019aqueduc et d\u2019\u00e9gout incluant les travaux de voirie, pour le r\u00e9seau art\u00e9riel et local ainsi que le territoire de l\u2019agglom\u00e9ration (Rapport pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Ville de Montr\u00e9al, 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","volume-title":"\u00c9tude de la diversit\u00e9 des populations historiques de Montr\u00e9al et de Qu\u00e9bec par l\u2019analyse de la morphologie dentaire: Le cimeti\u00e8re catholique de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (1691\u20131796) et le cimeti\u00e8re protestant Saint-Matthew de Qu\u00e9bec (1771\u20131860)","author":"B-Hardy M.-H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"M.-H. B-Hardy, \u00c9tude de la diversit\u00e9 des populations historiques de Montr\u00e9al et de Qu\u00e9bec par l\u2019analyse de la morphologie dentaire: Le cimeti\u00e8re catholique de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9glise Notre-Dame (1691\u20131796) et le cimeti\u00e8re protestant Saint-Matthew de Qu\u00e9bec (1771\u20131860) (Master\u2019s thesis, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasrep.2024.104497"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"288p","volume-title":"Distorted descent: White claims to Indigenous identity","author":"Leroux D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"D. Leroux, Distorted descent: White claims to Indigenous identity (Univ. of Manitoba Press, 2021), 288p."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/minnesota\/9780816665853.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. S. Coulthard Red Skin White Masks: Rejecting The Colonial Politics of Recognition (University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis 2014).","DOI":"10.5749\/minnesota\/9780816679645.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Renaud V. Slon A. T. Duggan J. Kelso schmutzi: Contamination estimate and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA. Genome Biol. 16 224 (2015).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0776-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02111-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.134452.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2012.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14317"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3559"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01438-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03031-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01582-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64007-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00581-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. B. Rohrlach J. Tuke D. Popli W. Haak BREADR: An R package for the Bayesian estimation of genetic relatedness from low-coverage genotype data. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.04.17.537144 (Accessed 6 February 2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.17.537144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0918-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25289-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0945-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","unstructured":"H. Charbonneau \u201cLes populations fran\u00e7aise et am\u00e9rindienne de la vall\u00e9e laurentienne avant 1700\u201d in Brunet et al 2015 Mariage et m\u00e9tissage dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s coloniales (2015) vol. 19 p. 357. Peter Lang. 71-85."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"L\u2019apport des donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e0 la mesure g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique des origines am\u00e9rindiennes des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais","volume":"41","author":"V\u00e9zina H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"H. V\u00e9zina, M. Jomphe, E. M. Lavoie, C. Moreau, D. Labuda, L\u2019apport des donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e0 la mesure g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique des origines am\u00e9rindiennes des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais. Cah. Qu\u00e9. D\u00e9mogr. 41, 87\u2013105 (2012).","journal-title":"Cah. Qu\u00e9. D\u00e9mogr."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav4040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/j.ctt1pwt77c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59962\/9781895830736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/aaq.2023.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266079"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esab012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0356-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. D. Palmater Beyond blood: Rethinking Indigenous Identity (Purich Publishing Saskatoon SK 2011).","DOI":"10.59962\/9781895830736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02111-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07483-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17993"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbs013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. D. Poznik Identifying Y-chromosome haplogroups in arbitrarily large samples of sequenced or genotyped men. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/088716 (Accessed 6 February 2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/088716"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14317"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.145037"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2523026123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:04:09Z","timestamp":1791227049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2523026123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2523026123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2523026123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2523026123"}}