{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:13:34Z","timestamp":1785831214035,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI167978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI167978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI187752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI187752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI190273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI190273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Liver abscesses caused by hypervirulent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (hvKp) can lead to severe metastatic complications, with mortality rates ranging from 5 to 40%. Even in the absence of antibiotic resistance, hvKp liver abscesses often respond poorly to treatment, sometimes requiring surgical resection. The reason for these poor outcomes remains unknown. Here, we established an hvKp wound model in outbred immunocompetent mice, which progresses to systemic infection and hepatic abscesses that were intractable to antibiotic therapy. Using a combination of quantitative and infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry, we found that antibiotics fail to kill\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in liver abscesses, independently of resistance or spatial distribution of antibiotics. Our results show that antibiotic concentrations detected in the liver are sufficient to eradicate hvKp under standard in vitro conditions, but the continued presence of viable bacteria in vivo indicates that hvKp adopts an antibiotic-tolerant state within the liver. Notably, the inadequate antibiotic efficacy observed in our mouse studies mirrors clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the urgent need to elucidate the mechanism underlying hvKp tolerance, which could inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2524436122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T18:29:33Z","timestamp":1764181773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibiotics accumulate in\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    liver abscesses but fail to eliminate antibiotic-tolerant populations"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Angeles-Solano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zajeba","family":"Tabashsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie D.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Lifschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4872-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki J.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaleb J.","family":"Tyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo","place":["Buffalo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani S.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yury","family":"Desyaterik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias P.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8955-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00078-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.939322"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1317412"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010693"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"2181","article-title":"The role of the O and K antigens in determining the resistance of Klebsiella aerogenes to serum killing and phagocytosis","volume":"129","author":"Williams P.","year":"1983","unstructured":"P. Williams, P. A. Lambert, M. R. Brown, R. J. Jones, The role of the O and K antigens in determining the resistance of Klebsiella aerogenes to serum killing and phagocytosis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129, 2181\u20132191 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01750-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00800-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"H. Akhondi D. E. Sabih Liver Abscess (Treasure Island FL 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired extrahepatic abscess","volume":"41","author":"Ku Y. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y. H. Ku, Y. C. Chuang, W. L. Yu, Clinical spectrum and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired extrahepatic abscess. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 41, 311\u2013317 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","volume-title":"Invasive Liver Abscess Syndrome Caused by","author":"Yu W.-L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"W.-L. 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