{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:04:46Z","timestamp":1785416686798,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss NSF","award":["PCEFP3_187004\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCEFP3_187004\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"EC | European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["949914 ZygoticFate"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["949914 ZygoticFate"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004410","name":"European Molecular Biology Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALTF 89-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALTF 89-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010438","name":"Francis Crick Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Differences between partner gametes, which evolved repeatedly in eukaryotes, can contribute to the evolution of the sexes, sexual selection, and non-Mendelian inheritance. Yet, the empirical evidence for how functional asymmetries arise between initially equivalent gametes is limited. Here, we combine theoretical and experimental approaches in the fission yeast\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    to show how selective pressures acting concurrently on gametes and zygotes drive the evolution of gamete differences. We find that despite being morphologically identical, P- and M-type partner gametes invest asymmetrically in zygotic development by contributing different amounts of conserved meiotic cohesins. P-gametes preferentially produce the Rec8 cohesin that increases zygotic fitness but reduces gamete viability, revealing a trade-off between reproductive success and gamete survival. We demonstrate that this asymmetry is mediated by partner-specific communication and model its evolutionary dynamics using empirically determined parameters. Our results support classical theoretical predictions for the evolution of gamete differences and provide a mechanistic understanding of how molecular asymmetries between partners can originate from opposing selection pressures acting in species that lack morphologically distinct gametes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2524968123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:05:00Z","timestamp":1783015500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meiotic cohesin Rec8 imposes fitness costs on fission yeast gametes favoring the evolution of parental bias in gene 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