{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:36:33Z","timestamp":1788521793519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI178908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI178908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI157106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI157106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacterial biofilms are resilient multicellular communities that underlie persistent infections and environmental survival. Dispersal from biofilms is a pivotal event for transmission and pathogenesis, yet the host signals and bacterial mechanisms orchestrating this transition remain poorly understood. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous host-derived signaling molecule, acts as a rapid trigger for biofilm dispersal in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , a highly motile gram-negative bacterium and the etiologic agent of cholera, by promoting the development of motility. NO exposure induces broad upregulation of flagellar biosynthesis genes, increases flagellin production, and reduces intracellular cyclic-di-GMP levels, thereby priming aflagellated biofilm-associated cells for active swimming and dispersion. Using single-cell imaging in custom microfluidic devices, we directly visualize NO-stimulated biofilm detachment and development of robust swimming motility within minutes. In vivo, biofilm-derived\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonize more efficiently in NO-rich environments, and NO produced by epithelial cells enhances bacterial detachment from epithelial surfaces. Our findings reveal a host\u2013pathogen interface in which NO serves as a morphogenetic cue, orchestrating the rapid transition from sessility to motility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2526864122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:36:16Z","timestamp":1764700576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nitric oxide promotes rapid development of motility to accelerate biofilm dispersal in\n                    <i>\n                      <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    <\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel C.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkaprabha","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9577-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold J. T. M.","family":"Mathijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00041-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00975-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800261-2.00005-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00048-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601277103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00295-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-111021-053553"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.273.5.G1160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.8b00360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00013-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010581"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01745.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00209-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Methods Enzymol","author":"Keefer L. K.","year":"1996","unstructured":"L. K. Keefer, R. W. Nims, K. M. Davies, D. A. Wink, \u201cNONOates (1-substituted diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates) as nitric oxide donors: Convenient nitric oxide dosage forms\u201d in Methods Enzymol, (Academic Press, 1996), vol. 268, pp. 281\u2013293."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07259.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00706"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021166117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","unstructured":"A. Banerjee N. C. Esteves J. Zhu Nitric oxide induced shifts in the transcriptional landscape of Vibrio cholerae. NCBI: SRA. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/sra\/PRJNA1228172. Deposited 25 February 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00836-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00949-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.3.1634-1639.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000494740"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2108349119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01337-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05568.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.40.110405.090423"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00670-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916571117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232467"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174441"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00248-24","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae: A fundamental model system for bacterial genetics and pathogenesis research","volume":"206","author":"Kessel J. C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"J. C. Kessel, A. Camilli, Vibrio cholerae: A fundamental model system for bacterial genetics and pathogenesis research. J. Bacteriol. 206, e0024824 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00203.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15331-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000429"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218039110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02617-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4RU0418-161R"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.10.2793-2801.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpsc.50"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2526864122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:36:28Z","timestamp":1764700588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2526864122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2526864122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2526864122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2526864122"}}