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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Poor sleep quality and chronic psychosocial stress are interrelated risk factors for hypertension, metabolic disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep apnea (SA) is a respiratory disorder that disrupts sleep, affecting ~1 billion adults worldwide. However, the origins of SA remain incompletely understood. Clinically, activation of the stress pathways is often considered a consequence of SA rather than a causal factor. Here, we combined preclinical experiments with Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to show that chronic psychosocial stress is a primary driver of SA onset. In adult rats, 3 wk of social isolation (SI; single housing) activated the stress response, augmented apneas during natural sleep, and increased the ventilatory responses to O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    challenges. In supine anesthetized rats, obstructive apneas with O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    desaturations were 5 times more frequent in SI males than in controls, with no effect in females. SI-related anomalies in airway motor control contribute to the problem. SI also induced increased blood pressure and augmented fat gain, especially in males. In humans, MR analysis using genome-wide association studies of multiple stress-related neurological disorders from European cohorts (~100,000 to 1,096,458 participants) revealed significant effects of loneliness on the risk of SA, independent of adiposity. Together, these results challenge the conventional view of stress as merely a consequence of SA and instead position it as a possible cause. These results open the door to a paradigm shift, recognizing psychosocial stress as a risk factor paves the way for alternative avenues in basic mechanistic research, as well as in preventive and therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2527702123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1786993426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic psychosocial stress: A primary driver of sleep apnea onset in rats and humans"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gf7z214","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Center of the Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute","place":["Qu\u00e9bec, 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