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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Insect sociality is a major evolutionary transition based on the suppression of worker reproduction in favor of a queen\u2019s reproductive monopoly. Although sophisticated insect societies have arisen independently on multiple occasions in the Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps), how worker sterility evolved through natural selection is not fully understood. In honey bees (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), dietary cues (royal or worker jelly) and social chemical signals (e.g., queen pheromones) promote caste differentiation by modulating the levels of juvenile hormone (JH), the key physiological orchestrator of caste determination in larvae and the maintenance of caste identity in adults. However, the precise molecular effects of JH on the ovaries of larvae and adult bees remain open questions. Here, we describe\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), whose expression correlates with sterility in the ovaries of larvae and adult honey bees. Mechanistically, the low JH levels in worker larvae promote high\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in their ovaries, which subsequently show extensive programmed cell death. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression is tightly connected to a reduction in the reproductive capacity of adult queens and workers, as this lncRNA responds to key environmental cues that regulate fertility, including royal jelly and queen pheromone. The sequence conservation of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene across eusocial bees, especially the genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggests the evolutionary stability of the JH\/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathway. Therefore, by revealing how nutritional and social cues acting through JH and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lncov1<\/jats:italic>\n                    shape queen and worker fertility in honey bees, these findings position lncRNAs as key components in the evolution of social complexity in insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2527882123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:07:46Z","timestamp":1771355266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A sterility-associated long noncoding RNA involved in honey bee caste determination and adult queen and worker fertility"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5039-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A. M.","family":"Cardoso-J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo J.","family":"Tib\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina C.","family":"Peruzzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz C.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denyse C.","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre R.","family":"Paschoal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00eamico de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","place":["Corn\u00e9lio Proc\u00f3pio, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1658-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isobel","family":"Ronai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin P.","family":"Oldroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7981-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Hartfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010715-023711"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2019.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"The Social Behavior of the Bees","author":"Michener C. 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