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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Structures recently have been reported of molecular assemblies that mediate transcription\u2013translation coupling in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In these molecular assemblies, termed \u201ccoupled transcription\u2013translation complexes\u201d or \u201cTTC-B,\u201d RNA polymerase (RNAP) directly interacts with the ribosome, the transcription elongation factor NusG or its paralog RfaH forms a bridge between RNAP and ribosome, and the transcription elongation factor NusA optionally forms a second bridge between RNAP and ribosome. Here, we report structures of coupled transcription\u2013translation complexes having mRNA spacers between RNAP and ribosome longer than the maximum-length mRNA spacer compatible with formation of TTC-B. The results define a class of coupled transcription\u2013translation complex, termed \u201cTTC-LC,\u201d where \u201cLC\u201d denotes \u201clong-range coupling.\u201d TTC-LC differs from TTC-B by a ~60\u00b0 rotation and ~70 \u00c5 translation of RNAP relative to ribosome, resulting in loss of direct interactions between RNAP and ribosome and creation of a ~70 \u00c5 gap between RNAP and ribosome. TTC-LC accommodates long mRNA spacers by looping out mRNA from the gap between RNAP and ribosome. We present evidence that TTC-LC is a functional intermediate in assembling and disassembling TTC-B, mediating pre-TTC-B transcription\u2013translation coupling before a ribosome catches up to RNAP, and mediating post-TTC-B transcription\u2013translation coupling after a ribosome stops moving and RNAP continues moving. We show that TTC-B, but not TTC-LC, is severely defective in RNA-hairpin-dependent transcription termination, and that both TTC-B and TTC-LC are severely defective in Rho-dependent transcription termination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2528970123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:38:23Z","timestamp":1781113103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural basis of long-range transcription\u2013translation coupling"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vt9qd57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Waksman Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers 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