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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Joint effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can drive immunosuppression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), thereby promoting tumor metastasis and limiting the clinical benefit of PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade. However, the mechanistic crosstalk between CAFs and Tregs remains unclear. By integrating bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq datasets, and spatial transcriptomics datasets with functional assays, we identified a population of TGF-\u03b21-driven Gremlin1 (GREM1)\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) enriched in HGSOC metastatic lesions. These GREM1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    myCAFs activated the FGFR1-MAPKs-NF\u03baB-TDO2-kynurenine axis via autocrine signaling, promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion characterized by the infiltration of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tregs and dysfunctional CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. GREM1 knockdown suppressed tumor metastasis, restored antitumor T cells response, remodeled CAF subtype composition and potentiated anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy. This study highlights the pro-metastatic role of GREM1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    myCAFs across multiple tumors and provides a rationale for combining anti-PD-1 therapy for metastatic HGSOC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2529786123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:38:23Z","timestamp":1781113103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GREM1\/FGFR1-activated myofibroblasts induce immunosuppression and accelerate metastasis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Runrong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vjw4z39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, 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