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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Light is one of the most pervasive physical cues in aquatic environments, yet its impact on nonphototrophic pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that a strain of cholera bacterium\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    directly couples illumination to motility through cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling. Exposure to visible light rapidly elevates intracellular cAMP and increases swimming speed, whereas deletion of the single adenylyl cyclase gene (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cyaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) abolishes both responses; complementation or addition of exogenous cAMP restores the phenotype. Heterologous expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    CyaA in an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cyaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cpdA<\/jats:italic>\n                    background reconstitutes light-activated cAMP synthesis, indicating that CyaA confers photoreactivity. Purified CyaA exhibits a reversible light-dependent spectral shift consistent with flavin-dependent photochemistry, identifying it as a light-responsive cyclase. Illumination triggers rapid membrane hyperpolarization and sodium efflux, strengthening the sodium-motive force that powers the flagellar motor. This response persists under nutrient-limited conditions. Together, these findings define a light \u2192 cAMP \u2192 sodium-motive force coupling axis in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that ambient light may influence motility and dispersal in sunlit environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2530860123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:34:45Z","timestamp":1775752485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Light-activated cAMP signaling controls sodium-driven motility in\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1503-5623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Ginowan, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University","place":["Sendai, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzuna","family":"Tomoyose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Ginowan, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reika","family":"Shimabuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Ginowan, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsu","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Ginowan, 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