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Using a combination of neuronal responses to touch, neuroanatomical tracer injections, and tissue processing to reveal anatomical area borders, we found that lateral S1 in galagos resembles those of studied monkeys by having a series of ovals that double the representation of the tongue and teeth, along with similar intracortical, callosal, and thalamic connections, suggesting that these features of S1 emerged in the first primates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2533912123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:40:47Z","timestamp":1773855647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Myeloarchitecture, intra- and interhemispheric and thalamocortical connections of area 3b representing the teeth and tongue in galagos"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Hui-Xin","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University","place":["Nashville"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara M. 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