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Compared to old-growth grasslands, plants indicative of secondary grasslands were taller and had leaves with more nitrogen content, higher specific leaf area, and lower dry-matter content. Notably, these trait differences that make old-growth grassland plants more resource conservative and secondary grassland plants more resource acquisitive persisted over a century. Taken together, these findings help to explain why many secondary grasslands support altered plant communities for decades to centuries and emphasize the importance of old-growth grassland conservation in the light of the unique plant forms and functions they support. 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