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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A defining feature of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is the incorporation of the NSs protein into large filamentous assemblies inside infected nuclei [R. Swanepoel, N. K. Blackburn,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">J. Gen. Virol.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>34<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 557\u2013561 (1977).], as judged from fixed specimens. To gain insight into the 3D structure of NSs filaments within live-cell nuclei, we used genetic-code expansion (GCE) to incorporate trans-cyclooct-2-en-L-lysine into the protein. This enabled site-specific fluorescent labeling with tetrazine dyes for live-cell structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Our superresolved images revealed the complete native architecture of NSs filaments as a micron-scale polygon web of fibers with discrete domain characteristics, overturning previous assumptions of simple linear filaments. Parallel experiments on fixed RVFV-infected cells confirmed that native NSs filaments also display this morphology. Overall, our 3D-SIM analysis reveals distinct structural plasticity within NSs filaments, establishing a quantitative structure\u2013function relationship that support the importance of polygon organization for NSs filament function during RVFV infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2534404123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T19:06:28Z","timestamp":1773687988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Live-cell 3D-SIM of Rift Valley fever virus NSs filaments reveals a polygon web architecture"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7890-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James I.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection & Immunity","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7172-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo M.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow G12 0ZD, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rosalind Franklin Institute","place":["Didcot, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4237-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection & Immunity","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009852"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-34-3-557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00132-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.18.9798-9806.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000287"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17101-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. 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