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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The demand for thermal management of electronics is rapidly increasing due to the prosperity of information technology. However, the two major alternatives, convective cooling and vapor compression technologies, have limitations for the effective refrigeration of microchips, namely the low convective heat-transfer coefficient of gas, and the need of large compressors, not to mention the low efficiency of compressor cooling and its use of greenhouse refrigerant. Herein, we establish a full solid-state magnetic refrigeration device with scalability and simple structure based on hybrid regeneration utilizing solid heat transfer materials, aiming at offering active point-to-point thermal management through solid-to-solid contact to targets with different footprints. Even with the intrinsic experimental imperfections of a laboratory demonstrator, the device shows a high heat-transfer coefficient\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">h<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 336 W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (typically forced air convection by electric fans have &lt;100 W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), a high unit cascade heat-transfer coefficient\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">h<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 168 W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and a large area cooling power\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">W<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 0.72 W cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    at the temperature difference between environment\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    and hot object\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    of \u221220 K, which make our full solid-state design the best in the field of thermal management compared to reported full solid-state caloric devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2534684123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:01:46Z","timestamp":1776711706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Full solid-state magnetic refrigeration device toward thermal management"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7211-2207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-6815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victorino","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Unit for Energy Science, Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Seville","place":["Seville, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5458-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Yan","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Unit for Energy Science, Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Seville","place":["Seville, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8368-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunzhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory","place":["Dongguan, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory","place":["Dongguan, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baogen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of 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full solid-state conceptual magnetocaloric refrigerator based on hybrid regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Lin Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Y. Lin , A full solid-state conceptual magnetocaloric refrigerator based on hybrid regeneration. Innovation 5, 100645 (2024).","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba2648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr2268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Convection coefficient estimation of still air using an infrared thermometer and curve-fitting","volume":"4","author":"Yener T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"T. Yener, \u015e\u00c7. Yener, R. Mutlu, Convection coefficient estimation of still air using an infrared thermometer and curve-fitting. J. Eng. Tech. Appl. Sci. 4, 95\u2013103 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Eng. Tech. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Convective heat transfer","author":"Whitelaw J. H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. H. Whitelaw, Convective heat transfer. Thermopedia, 10.1615\/AtoZ.c.convective_heat_transfer (2011).","journal-title":"Thermopedia"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2534684123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:01:53Z","timestamp":1776711713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2534684123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2534684123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2534684123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2534684123"}}