{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:21:13Z","timestamp":1785410473527,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32225042 and 32561143034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32225042 and 32561143034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Defensive symbioses in which beneficial microbes protect hosts from natural enemies are ubiquitous across animals and plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Field surveys and laboratory assays revealed that infection of the invasive whitefly\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bemisia tabaci<\/jats:italic>\n                    by the bacterial symbiont\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and plant begomovirus were positively correlated with each other but each negatively correlated with a parasitic fungal infection (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the host. We show that begomovirus conferred whitefly\u2019s resistance to the parasitic fungus by triggering the expression of chitin synthesis pathway genes in whiteflies, reinforcing the cuticle by promoting chitin production. The facultative symbiont\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    facilitated cuticle formation and thereby induced physical defense against entomopathogenic fungus via metabolic cooperation with the obligate symbiont\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Portiera<\/jats:italic>\n                    for the synthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine in whiteflies, which is used to generate cuticular proteins and pigments. Mutation of chitinase and protease genes in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    impaired fungal infection of whiteflies. Inhibiting whitefly cuticle formation by repressing chitin and phenylalanine synthesis facilitated fungal infection. Thus, begomovirus and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    have convergent effects on cuticle defense in whiteflies by impacting distinct molecular pathways. Such defensive symbioses apparently contribute to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tabaci<\/jats:italic>\n                    fitness in the field and our findings reveal that interactions among the host, beneficial microbes, and pathogens have important implications for insect ecology and evolution. This study suggests avenues for pest management by leveraging defensive microbes and targeting the host cuticle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2534981123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1781626611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A bacterial symbiont and a plant virus enhance insect fitness by inducing physical defenses against fungal parasites"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01n7x9n08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shenyang Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural 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Wang Data from \u201cA bacterial symbiont and a plant virus enhance insect fitness by inducing physical defenses against fungal parasites.\u201d NCBI. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/?term=PRJNA1303854 Deposited 9 August 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2534981123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:16:59Z","timestamp":1781626619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2534981123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2534981123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2534981123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2534981123"}}