{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:49:57Z","timestamp":1785408597391,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72192844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72192844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72473003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72473003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines how the expansion of online food delivery platforms affects health inequality in China. Exploiting the staggered rollout of platforms across counties and nationally representative panel data from 2010 to 2022, we find that platform entry increases overweight among low-income individuals while reducing it among high-income individuals. This divergence operates through two channels: low-income users increase consumption of fried foods and reallocate time from cooking to sedentary leisure, whereas high-income users reduce intake of calorie-dense foods and increase physical activity. These behavioral changes accumulate into downstream health consequences affecting weight-related chronic diseases and children's overweight in low-income households. Equal access to digital convenience thus does not translate into equal health benefits, suggesting that technological diffusion may amplify health disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2538093123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:09:56Z","timestamp":1783364996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feeding health inequality through platform-based food delivery in China"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Guanghua School of Management, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041pakw92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Economics, Renmin University of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hx57361","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Paul and Marcia Center on Contemporary China, Princeton University","place":["Princeton"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Social Research, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Social Research, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04yqxxq63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2023.02636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2016\/40.2.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jci030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/000282805774669907"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113789"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"W. Peng Y. Wang From dishes to dollars: The effects of online food delivery platforms on housework and employment. Working Paper (2023) https:\/\/econ.pku.edu.cn\/docs\/2023-10\/20231024183926518562.pdf. Accessed 18 December 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2025.103068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650404500303"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-090320-094912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00457-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.059063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162086599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3350111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.Special_Issue_2.S15","article-title":"Continuity and change in the social stratification of aging and health over the life course: Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study from 1986 to 2001\/2002 (Americans' Changing Lives Study)","volume":"60","author":"House J. S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. S. House, P. M. Lantz, P. Herd, Continuity and change in the social stratification of aging and health over the life course: Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study from 1986 to 2001\/2002 (Americans' Changing Lives Study). J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 60, S15\u2013S26 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B: Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102670"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","unstructured":"World Obesity Federation World Obesity Atlas 2025 (World Obesity Federation London UK 2025). https:\/\/data.worldobesity.org\/publications\/?cat=23. Accessed 18 December 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdae007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjz014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101349"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21050568"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293004","article-title":"Healthy food and determinants of food choice on online food delivery applications","volume":"18","author":"Osaili T. M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"T. M. Osaili, A. A. Al-Nabulsi, A. O. Taybeh, L. Cheikh Ismail, S. T. Saleh, Healthy food and determinants of food choice on online food delivery applications. PLoS ONE 18, e0293004 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-2171.12391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-2171.70032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","unstructured":"Y. Xie Data files for \u201cFeeding health inequality through platform-based food delivery in China.\u201d Princeton University. https:\/\/yuxie.scholar.princeton.edu\/share-files\/data-files-feeding-health-inequality-through-platform-based-food-delivery-china-pnas. Accessed 27 May 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","unstructured":"Institute of Social Science Survey of Peking University Data from \u201cChina Family Panel Studies (CFPS).\u201d China Family Panel Studies Data Platform. https:\/\/cfpsdata.pku.edu.cn\/. Accessed 24 March 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2538093123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:11:56Z","timestamp":1783365116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2538093123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2538093123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2538093123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2538093123"}}