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Thirty young adults (Mage = 21.1, 16 females) saw adjective-noun phrases (e.g., \u201cexotic zoo\u201d) that were later repeated exactly as before or modified with semantically similar adjectives (e.g., \u201cstrange zoo\u201d). Crucially, we presented exact and modified repeats both during an incidental encoding and a two-choice recognition phase, where mnemonic discrimination was assessed. Consistent with pattern separation, we found attenuated repetition suppression for modified repeats in repetition sensitive clusters of the hippocampal head, which was evident at both high and low levels of similarity with no difference between two a priori defined similarity bins. In addition, within participants, the neural signature of pattern separation was associated with mnemonic discrimination at recognition. Finally, clusters sensitive to repetitions during encoding differentiated lures from foils at recognition. 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