{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:23:23Z","timestamp":1793330603149,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Only a minority of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    )-infected individuals progress along Correa\u2019s cascade, and classical virulence markers do not fully explain this heterogeneity, motivating genome-wide approaches to quantify strain-level genomic risk associated with advanced lesions. We assembled 528 high-quality\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    whole-genome sequences spanning nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer (GC) and performed bacterial genome-wide association analyses with explicit adjustment for population structure. We then integrated advanced lesions-associated variants into a random forest model to derive an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Genomic Risk Score (HpRS), defined as the predicted probability that a strain is associated with advanced lesions (IM\/GC) vs. nonadvanced lesions (NAG\/AG). Despite phylogenetic analyses revealing that genome-wide clustering was primarily driven by geographic lineage rather than disease stage, HpRS achieved strong discrimination in repeated cross-validation (mean AUC = 0.902, 95% CI: 0.892 to 0.912), remained discriminatory in an internal held-out set (AUC = 0.780), and generalized to two independent cohorts (Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC): AUC = 0.871; hospital cohort distinguishing IM vs. NAG\/AG: AUC = 0.843). Predictive single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapped mainly to core functions (DNA repair, translation, and central and lipid metabolism) and often affected conserved domains, suggesting a polygenic architecture and generating testable functional hypotheses. HpRS provides a proof-of-principle framework for strain-aware risk stratification and may complement future gastric cancer prevention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2603926123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:36:04Z","timestamp":1781026564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk prediction of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    strains across Correa\u2019s cascade via intelligent analysis of genome-wide SNPs"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuling","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vjw4z39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vy4gh70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Second People\u2019s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vy4gh70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011ashp19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/007mrxy13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institution of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xjwyj62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Yen","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Center for Intervention of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Research Centre for Medical Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry J.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011ashp19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Center for Intervention of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Research Centre for Medical Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vjw4z39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vjw4z39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Center for Intervention of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, Australia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0030zas98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Marshall Research Centre for Medical Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0530pts50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Medicine, South China University of Technology","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03793-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01654-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90498-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1909459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-335823"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2519703"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.70004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-025-01439-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01635-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0550-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2024.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5165"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43562-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07991-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27148-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0183-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-061121-035930"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05302.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12307"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14805"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414844"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101938"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","unstructured":"X. Song Code from \u201cRisk prediction of Helicobacter pylori strains across Correa\u2018s cascade via intelligent analysis of genome-wide SNPs.\u201d GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/ayasxla15-star\/HpRS. Deposited 19 January 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","unstructured":"X. Song \u201cDevelopment and validation of a genome wide SNP model that stratifies the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori strains across Correa\u2019s cascade in Gastric Cancer Development.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1419121. Deposited 5 February 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","unstructured":"The University of Tokyo Center for Omics and Bioinformatics \u201cHelicobacter pylori F32 genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJDA50593. Deposited 7 January 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","unstructured":"University of Tokyo \u201cComplete genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori OK310.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJDB694. Deposited 11 March 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","unstructured":"University of Gothenburg \u201cGenome sequencing and assembly of Helicobacter pylori from Iran.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1034282. Deposited 1 November 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","unstructured":"National Culture Collection for Pathogen (NCCP) Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:P08204 Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1056683. Deposited 14 January 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","unstructured":"University of Gothenburg \u201cHelicobacter pylori from the Kalixanda study.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1073547. Deposited 5 February 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","unstructured":"University of Gothenburg \u201cHelicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1136026. Deposited 15 July 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","unstructured":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center \u201cWhole genome sequencing of Helicobacter pylori.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA1217501. Deposited 30 January 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","unstructured":"Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute Zhejiang University \u201cHelicobacter pylori C664 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA173201. Deposited 20 June 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","unstructured":"Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute Zhejiang University \u201cHelicobacter pylori C333 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA173329. Deposited 20 June 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","unstructured":"Qingdao Municipal Hospital \u201cHelicobacter pylori D33 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA178929. Deposited 18 June 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","unstructured":"University of California at Davis \u201cMajor food bacterial pathogens in the United States and around the world including Salmonella enterica E. coli Shigella Listeria monocytogenes Campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio parahaemolyticus genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA203445. Deposited 30 September 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","unstructured":"Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine \u201cHelicobacter pylori E48 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA219052. Deposited 25 November 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","unstructured":"Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine \u201cHelicobacter pylori H13-1 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA219053. Deposited 25 November 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","unstructured":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cHelicobacter pylori HLJ039 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA232950. Deposited 21 January 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","unstructured":"Northumbria University \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:9.1 Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA243598. Deposited 4 April 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","unstructured":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:29CaP Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA264984. Deposited 5 November 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","unstructured":"Xcelris Labs Ltd \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:7.13 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA276970. Deposited 31 March 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:26100 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329220. Deposited 13 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:26084 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329223. Deposited 13 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:22389 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329249. Deposited 12 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:22360 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329269. Deposited 13 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:22347 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329274. Deposited 12 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales UDCA \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:22013 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA329323. Deposited 13 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","unstructured":"National University of Singapore \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:132 Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA342928. Deposited 9 January 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","unstructured":"National University of Singapore \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA342930. Deposited 12 December 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","unstructured":"MRC CLIMB University of Bath \u201cHelicobacter pylori genomics.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA350256. Deposited 2 July 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","unstructured":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA360417. Deposited 13 February 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","unstructured":"University of Western Australia \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA374603. Deposited 12 October 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","unstructured":"University of Bath \u201cHelicobacter pylori from clinical gastric infection.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA395900. Deposited 22 April 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","unstructured":"Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Farmacia i Ciencies de l\u2018Alimentacio \u201cComplete genome sequences of Helicobacter pylori.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA449871. Deposited 13 August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","unstructured":"Karolinska Institutet \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA479414. Deposited 11 July 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention China CDC \u201cComparison between China and Japan Hp.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA482300. Deposited 21 July 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","unstructured":"Department of Molecular Microbiology Washington University Medical School Saint Louis \u201cHelicobacter pylori PeCan4 genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA49027. Deposited 1 October 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","unstructured":"Max von Pettenkofer-Institut \u201cHelicobacter pylori genome evolution within the human stomach.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA490474. Deposited 13 June 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","unstructured":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:USU101 Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA494865. Deposited 11 July 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","unstructured":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA513874. Deposited 23 September 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","unstructured":"University of Gothenburg \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA521871. Deposited 12 March 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","unstructured":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine \u201cHelicobacter pylori from the Bronx New York.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA566177. Deposited 18 September 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","unstructured":"University of Gothenburg \u201cAncestry and local adaptation of H. pylori in the Americas.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA601302. Deposited 9 September 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","unstructured":"Group of Cytogenetics Phylogeny and Population Evolution University of Tolima \u201cGenome sequences of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Tolimense patients with premalignant and malignant gastric lesions.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA604073. Deposited 30 January 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori CPY6081 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64063. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori CPY6261 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64065. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori CPY6271 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64067. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori CPY6311 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64071. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori NQ4216 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64073. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori NQ4200 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64075. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori NQ4228 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64077. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori NQ4099 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64079. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","unstructured":"Institute for Genome Sciences \u201cHelicobacter pylori NQ4053 Genome sequencing project.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA64081. Deposited 28 June 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","unstructured":"Lanzhou University Second Hospital \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing and assembly.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA678459. Deposited 18 December 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","unstructured":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social \u201cHelicobacter pylori strains isolated from Mexican patients.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA681870. Deposited 1 December 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","unstructured":"Huadong Hospital Fudan University \u201cHelicobacter pylori Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA690879. Deposited 21 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","unstructured":"Washington University Medical School \u201cHelicobacter pylori ELS37 genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA69915. Deposited 23 March 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","unstructured":"Third Military Medical University \u201cHelicobacter pylori XZ274 Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA79003. Deposited 14 May 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","unstructured":"The Second Affiliated Hospital University of South China \u201cAntibiotic resistance of H. pylori in central south China: phenotype and genotype revealed by short and long reads based whole genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA816422. Deposited 15 March 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","unstructured":"Department of Molecular Microbiology Washington University Medical School Saint Louis \u201cHelicobacter pylori PeCan18 Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA95275. Deposited 19 April 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","unstructured":"Universidad de Nari\u00f1o \u201cWhole genomes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Colombian patients.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA984677. Deposited 1 August 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","unstructured":"Gomel State Medical University \u201cHelicobacter pylori strain:unknown Genome sequencing.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject\/PRJNA987541. Deposited 5 July 2023."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2603926123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:37:05Z","timestamp":1781026625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2603926123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2603926123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2603926123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2603926123"}}