{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1790962038815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The claustrum is a thin, bilateral structure embedded deep within the human brain. Its widespread cortical connectivity has motivated perhaps the broadest range of functional hypotheses of any subcortical structure. Yet its complex, sheet-like morphology has hindered investigation in living humans, leaving a small in vivo MRI literature marked by large and often implausible discrepancies. Here, we construct a three-dimensional histological \u201cgold standard\u201d model of the human claustrum and systematically evaluate three ultra-high field 7-Tesla MRI datasets against this reference and its downsampled derivatives. We show that apparent discrepancies in MRI-based claustrum morphology arise primarily from resolution-dependent effects rather than contrast limitations, which transform the claustrum\u2019s intricate sheet into an artifactually thickened ribbon. Despite this, submillimeter MRI reliably captures a dorsal \u201ccore\u201d containing most claustral volume and cell density and encompassing major corticoclaustral connectivity, and at the highest acquired resolution (0.5 mm isotropic), the ventral claustrum\u2019s extension into the temporal lobe is partially recovered, with uncertainty reflecting boundary imprecision rather than anatomical absence. Together, these findings overturn the view that the human claustrum is inaccessible to MRI and establish a foundation for future functional and clinical investigation in the living human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2604111123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:11:41Z","timestamp":1782760301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multiscale characterization of the human claustrum from histology to MRI"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4391-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navona","family":"Calarco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skerdi","family":"Progri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriranga","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n0tzs53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4207-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuting","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Lepage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University","place":["Montreal, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Gift Cabalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University","place":["Montreal, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9256-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris C.","family":"Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University","place":["Montreal, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan C.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University","place":["Montreal, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e2mil","family":"Uluda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042xt5161","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n0tzs53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n0tzs53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y0zf565","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q78tk20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1661"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-092519-101637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Die cyto-und myeloarchitektonik des cortex claustralis und des claustrum beim menschen","volume":"49","author":"Brockhaus H.","year":"1940","unstructured":"H. Brockhaus, Die cyto-und myeloarchitektonik des cortex claustralis und des claustrum beim menschen. J. Psychol. Neurol. 49, 249\u2013348 (1940).","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901000103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"503","article-title":"The claustrum, its origin and development","volume":"8","author":"Filimonoff I.","year":"1966","unstructured":"I. Filimonoff, The claustrum, its origin and development. J. Hirnforsch. 8, 503\u2013528 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Hirnforsch."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"A new division of the human claustrum basis on the anatomical landmarks and morphological findings","volume":"2","author":"Namavar M. R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"M. R. Namavar, Y. Sadeghi, H. Haghir, A new division of the human claustrum basis on the anatomical landmarks and morphological findings. Anat. Sci. J. 2, 49\u201354 (2005).","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-015-0597-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Division of the human claustrum according to its architectonics and morphometric parameters","volume":"55","author":"Mory\u015b J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"J. Mory\u015b , Division of the human claustrum according to its architectonics and morphometric parameters. Folia Morphol. 55, 69\u201382 (1996).","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-014-0141-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"228","article-title":"The claustrum: Three-dimensional reconstruction, photorealistic imaging, and stereotactic approach","volume":"70","author":"Kapakin S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Kapakin, The claustrum: Three-dimensional reconstruction, photorealistic imaging, and stereotactic approach. Folia Morphol. 70, 228\u2013234 (2011).","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000006581"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2024.110253"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70303"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09708-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-025-02993-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15575"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht231"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgaa062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121665"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00363"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. H. Huang et al. The human claustrum activates across multiple cognitive control tasks. Eur J Neurosci. 62 e70318 (2025).","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00327"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02014975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901020203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0248-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442595"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1052531"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16050085"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20023294.2018.1528135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9236-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2019.00053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00078"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23997"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmamm.2024.1309665"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Mileti\u0107 et al. Charting human subcortical maturation across the adult lifespan with in vivo 7T MRI. NeuroImage 249 118872 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-969"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-04863-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119421"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310044121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02783-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","unstructured":"P. L. Bazin E. Kirilina A. Alkemade M. M. Chakravarty B. U. Forstmann Eds. Terra incognita: Diving into the human subcortex. NeuroImage254 259 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","volume-title":"Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Mai J. K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. K. Mai, M. Majtanik, G. Paxinos, Atlas of the Human Brain (Academic press, 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235381"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/4\/0764"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb4588"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2019.00096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. I. Johnson B. A. Fenske \u201cHistory of the study and nomenclature of the claustrum\u201d in The Claustrum J. R. Smythies L. Edelstein V. S. Ramachandran Eds. (Elsevier 2014) pp. 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-404566-8.00001-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0217-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2023.100405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Mattern F. L\u00fcsebrink O. Speck \u201cHigh-resolution structural brain imaging\u201d in Advances in Magnetic Resonance Technology and Applications A. J. W. van der Kouwe J. B. Andre Eds. (Elsevier 2022) vol. 6 pp. 433\u2013448.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-824460-9.00014-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0254-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298349"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. Smythies L. R. Edelstein V. S. Ramachandran \u201cHypotheses relating to the function of the claustrum\u201d in The Claustrum J. R. Smythies L. Edelstein V. S. Ramachandran Eds. (Elsevier 2014) pp. 299\u2013352.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-404566-8.00013-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807983116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0638-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11568-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35084005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"T1-weighted in vivo human whole brain MRI dataset with an ultrahigh isotropic resolution of 250 m","volume":"4","author":"L\u00fcsebrink F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. L\u00fcsebrink, A. Sciarra, H. Mattern, R. Yakupov, O. Speck, T1-weighted in vivo human whole brain MRI dataset with an ultrahigh isotropic resolution of 250 m. Sci. Data 4, 1\u201312 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","unstructured":"W. B. Davis \u201cThe claustrum in autism and typically developing male children: A quantitative MRI study \u201d Master\u2019s thesis Brigham Young University Provo UT (2008) https:\/\/scholarsarchive.byu.edu\/etd\/1892."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02400-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59430"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2013.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.921158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0600000035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Atzeni M. Jansen S. Ourselin J. E. Iglesias \u201cA probabilistic model combining deep learning and multi-atlas segmentation for semi-automated labelling of histology\u201d in 21st International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer 2018) pp. 219\u2013227.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00934-2_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)70884-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87564-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A label geometry image filter for multiple object measurement","volume":"301","author":"Padfield D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Padfield, J. Miller, A label geometry image filter for multiple object measurement. Insight J. 301, 1\u201313 (2008).","journal-title":"Insight J."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Calarco Multiscale characterisation of the human claustrum from histology to MRI [Dataset]. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.19656275. Deposited 21 April 2026.","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.06.692728"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_2","unstructured":"N. Calarco Claustrum. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/navonacalarco\/Claustrum. Deposited 21 April 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_2","unstructured":"K. Amunts C. Lepage L. Borgeat H. Mohlberg T. Dickscheid M.-\u00c9. Rousseau S. Bludau P.-L. Bazin L. B. Lewis A.-M. Oros-Peusquens N. J. Shah T. Lippert K. Zilles A. C. Evans BigBrainRelease.2015. BigBrain Project. https:\/\/ftp.bigbrainproject.org\/bigbrain-ftp\/. Accessed 9 June 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_2","unstructured":"D. G. Cabalo MICA-PNI: Precision NeuroImaging and Connectomics. Open Science Framework. https:\/\/osf.io\/mhq3f. Deposited 17 June 2024."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2604111123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:13:24Z","timestamp":1782760404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2604111123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2604111123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2604111123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2604111123"}}