{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:57:50Z","timestamp":1792796270837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Long-term persistent measles virus (MeV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), an invariably fatal late neurological complication of measles. Analogous SSPE-like chronic diseases have also been reported in adult dogs, cetaceans, and more recently harbor seals following infection by canine distemper virus (CDV), dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), and phocine distemper virus (PDV), respectively. Here, we characterize different animal morbilliviruses (CDV\n                    <jats:sup>lynx<\/jats:sup>\n                    , PDV\n                    <jats:sup>2001<\/jats:sup>\n                    , PDV\n                    <jats:sup>2014<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and DMV\n                    <jats:sup>232-18<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) that persisted in the CNS of their respective host species for several years after the initial infections. The CDV\n                    <jats:sup>lynx<\/jats:sup>\n                    and DMV\n                    <jats:sup>232-18<\/jats:sup>\n                    strains encode nonfunctional matrix proteins and hyperfusogenic fusion proteins which are hallmark features of SSPE MeV strains. The complex mutational profile apparent in the PDV\n                    <jats:sup>2001<\/jats:sup>\n                    strain also has parallels with MeV strains from SSPE cases. In contrast, the PDV\n                    <jats:sup>2014<\/jats:sup>\n                    strain encodes for a nonfunctional matrix protein but an unmodified F protein supporting the evolutionary precedence of M protein changes in facilitating long-term morbillivirus infections of the CNS. Consequently, our findings show that similar evolutionary pathways across different animal species drive morbilliviruses to evolve analogous mechanisms favoring virus persistence in the CNS and the development of chronic neurological disease. Such naturally occurring chronic animal morbillivirus infections of the CNS provide natural analogues for studying the evolutionary trajectory and molecular basis of the pathogenesis of SSPE in humans. This may pave the way for developing early diagnostics and intervention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2604205123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:03:18Z","timestamp":1783447398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human and animal morbillivirus strains causing chronic neurological infections share key genotypic and phenotypic traits"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin","family":"Daniel Roji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Geiselhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Beythien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Laudeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Mirolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1253-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy K.","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Facultat de Veterni\u00e0ria, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","place":["Bellaterra, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8151-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation","place":["Hannover, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemisches und Veterin\u00e4runtersuchungsamt Westfalen","place":["Arnsberg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith M. A.","family":"van den Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pp8hn57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University","place":["Utrecht, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4581-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealcentre Pieterburen","place":["Pieterburen, The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thijs","family":"Kuiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018906e22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes P. 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D. Roji M. Ludlow NGS data and complete genome sequences data from \u201cHuman and animal morbillivirus strains causing chronic neurological infections share key genotypic and phenotypic traits.\u201d NCBI BioProject. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/bioproject?term=PRJNA1370499. Deposited 27 November 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2604205123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:04:48Z","timestamp":1783447488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2604205123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2604205123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2604205123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2604205123"}}