{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:36:19Z","timestamp":1785429379259,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72033006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72033006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["No. E2CX3815CX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. E2CX3815CX"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the PLA Talent Program Foundation","award":["2022160258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022160258"]}]},{"name":"the AMU-RD Scholar Foundation","award":["202211001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202211001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Procrastination has a maladaptive impact on health and survival, yet it remains moderately heritable, presenting a biological paradox. Procrastination has been conceptualized as a byproduct of impulsivity, explaining its prevalence despite no discernible adaptive benefit. However, their shared neurobiological substrates have yet to be elucidated. Using a longitudinal twin cohort (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 154), we show that nonplanning impulsivity (NPI) during late adolescence and early adulthood is prospectively associated with procrastination in later life. This effect was independently replicated in two cross-sectional cohorts (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 327;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,543). Twin modeling using an additive genetic and nonshared environmental (AE) framework, together with a meta-analysis of twin studies (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3,656 twin pairs), revealed significant shared genetic contributions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.51). Beyond genetic overlap, neuroimaging meta-analysis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NeuroSynth<\/jats:italic>\n                    meta-analysis for impulsivity:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 198 studies, 5855 loci; mini meta-analysis for procrastination:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">k<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5 studies, 7 independent samples,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      N\n                      <jats:sub>cumulative<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 893 participants), normative modeling (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 37,407), and seed-based\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    mapping (SDM) converged on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the region of maximal overlap between NPI and procrastination. The transcriptional profiles of the left DLPFC and impulsivity-associated genes exhibited functional convergence on regulation of biological and cellular processes. These genes showed brain-specific expression and associations with cortical metabolism, neurodegenerative disease, and developmental expression peaks, indicating a shared molecular basis for the neurogenetic architecture of procrastination. Together, our findings delineate a cross-scale characterization of the shared neurogenetic substrates linking NPI and procrastination, offering empirical evidence that elucidates the biological origins of procrastination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2605127123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:03:18Z","timestamp":1783447398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shared neurogenetic substrates of nonplanning impulsivity and procrastination"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j7v5j15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of 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