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In vitro, coactivation of T and B cells induced marker exchange via trogocytosis. We refer to the resulting cells as \u201cmasquerading\u201d lymphocytes and analyzed them in multiple sclerosis (MS). CD20\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were markedly enriched in cerebrospinal fluid, exhibited cytotoxic gene signatures, accumulated in perivascular inflammatory cuffs, and showed increased myelin antigen reactivity. Anti-CD20 therapy (ofatumumab) not only depleted masquerading lymphocytes but also prevented their reinduction. Together, we identify CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells as footprints of T\u2013B interactions thereby shifting the paradigm of lymphocyte-specific surface markers and implicate masquerading lymphocytes as active contributors to MS immunopathology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2605806123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:09:36Z","timestamp":1790870976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["T\u2013B interactions yield CD3\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    B cells and CD20\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cells with pathogenic features in multiple 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