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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Soil salinization\/alkalization represents a universal challenge that severely constrains crop productivity. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning saline\/alkaline tolerance of wheat (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) holds profound significance for global food security and sustainable agriculture. In this study, we functionally characterized a wheat alkaline sensitive locus designated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wheat Alkaline Sensitive 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">WAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), through whole exome-capture sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis and fine mapping of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">was1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant populations. This locus encodes TaIAA25, a canonical member of the Auxin\/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux\/IAA) protein family. A C to T transition in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TaIAA25<\/jats:italic>\n                    leads to a Pro-to-Ser substitution within its Aux\/IAA degron motif. This amino acid substitution enhances the stability of TaIAA25 protein, thereby rendering wheat hypersensitive to alkaline stress. The overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TaIAA25<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly increased sensitivity of wheat to alkaline treatment, whereas\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">iaa25<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mutants displayed enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress. Consistent with established auxin signaling transduction, TaIAA25 interacts with auxin response factor 16 (TaARF16) to repress the TaARF16-mediated transcriptional activation of small auxin-up RNA gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TaSAUR215<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This cascade potentiates the inhibitory effect of D-clade type 2C protein phosphatase (TaPP2C.D) on plasma membrane (PM) H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase activity. Notably, TaIAA25 also directly interacts with the phosphorylation (P) domain in central loop of PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase 2 (TaHA2) and represses its binding with the actuator (A) domain, thereby blocking TaHA2-driven proton efflux. Collectively, our findings clarified the crucial role of the classical auxin signaling pathway in plant responses to alkaline stress. Furthermore, we revealed a mechanism wherein an Aux\/IAA protein directly modulates PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase activity to orchestrate auxin-mediated alkaline stress response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2607117123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:59:27Z","timestamp":1787075967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TaIAA25 negatively regulates wheat alkaline tolerance by inhibiting plasma membrane H\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    -ATPase activity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4234-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengxiang","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Genetic Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5381-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minghan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Genetic Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7083-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Genetic Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Genetic Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key 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