{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:53:56Z","timestamp":1792785236530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2024YFA1803100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1803100"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Pilot National Natural Science and Technology Project B","award":["XDB0570000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0570000"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32470751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32470751"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase\u2013stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is essential for antiviral immunity, and its dysregulation causes inflammatory disease. The mechanism underlying STING activation, including its essential endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi translocation, has remained elusive. Here, we identify a dedicated actin-based transport system licensed by the smooth muscle actin isoform ACTA2 via in vitro reconstitution. Superresolution live imaging reveals STING becomes punctate and activated while moving along ACTA2 filaments. This ACTA2-directed network is required for antiviral interferon responses against HSV-1. Strikingly, it also drives pathological interferon production and lethal autoimmunity in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trex1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, where its genetic or pharmacological disruption rescues disease. Furthermore, ACTA2 expression correlates with proinflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and its downregulation ameliorates this inflammatory signature. Our work defines a specific cytoskeletal network that governs STING-dependent inflammatory responses to both foreign and self-DNA, thereby establishing stimulus-directed organelle trafficking as a central control point in innate immune signaling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2608171123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:55:17Z","timestamp":1789494917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ACTA2-directed actin filaments license STING trafficking and activation for antiviral immunity and autoimmune pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianteng","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 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