{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:52:58Z","timestamp":1785430378995,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003006","name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKINTEGRITY.CH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKINTEGRITY.CH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Eccellenza 194216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Eccellenza 194216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Centre Sonata Bis","award":["UMO-2020\/38\/E\/NZ4\/00511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2020\/38\/E\/NZ4\/00511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Red pulp macrophages (RPMs) remove senescent erythrocytes from the circulation and recycle their iron for erythropoiesis. The development of RPMs is guided by signals from the microenvironment, which promote expansion and tissue adaptation through the induction of transcription factors, including Spi-C and PPAR\u03b3. Here, we show that infection with the nematode\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    or treatment with IL-33 results in the accumulation of activated group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) in the spleen. ILC2s activated by IL-33 drive the expansion of RPMs by secretion of the effector cytokines IL-4\/IL-13 and GM-CSF. By contrast, we show that IL-33 is dispensable for RPM development and function under homeostatic conditions. Overall, our work uncovers a previously unrecognized crosstalk between ILC2s and RPMs during type 2 immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2609716123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:20:47Z","timestamp":1778084447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IL-33-induced ILC2 effector cytokine responses promote the expansion of red pulp macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Irina R.","family":"Iten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-3455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos D.","family":"Sidiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Onder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00gpmb873","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen","place":["St. Gallen, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Jo\u0144czy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y3dkx74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph S. N.","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Humboldt-University Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cluster of Excellence ImmunoPreCept, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4918-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k7v4d05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern","place":["Bern, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Mleczko-Sanecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y3dkx74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00gpmb873","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen","place":["St. Gallen, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0452-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Kopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich","place":["Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1669"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07472"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19885-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Hemolysis in the spleen drives erythrocyte turnover","volume":"136","author":"Klei T. 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