{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:38:12Z","timestamp":1792604292096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1616992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1616992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020017","name":"NASA | SMD | Planetary Science Division","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX13AN25G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX13AN25G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014537","name":"NASA | Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNA80NSSC20M0027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNA80NSSC20M0027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAR-1339051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAR-1339051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAR-1734856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAR-1734856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mass-independent isotope fractionation (MIF) of oxygen provides key insights into atmospheric chemistry and the origin of isotopic anomalies in planetary materials. To date, MIF has been primarily associated with gas-phase processes involving symmetry-dependent reaction pathways, most notably ozone formation. Whether analogous effects can arise in condensed phases or at interfaces remains an open question. Here we report laboratory experiments demonstrating that energetic particle irradiation of icy oxide surfaces produces mass-independent oxygen isotope fractionation at temperatures as low as 10 K. Electron irradiation of SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    substrates in the presence of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O ice results in measurable shifts in \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>17<\/jats:sup>\n                    O in the underlying solids. The resulting three-isotope relationships include slope-1-like behavior in SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and distinct, substrate-dependent trends in Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , indicating that irradiation-induced defect formation and interfacial chemistry govern the isotope effects. The magnitude of the observed anomalies demonstrates that irradiation-driven processes can generate substantial oxygen isotope heterogeneity in condensed phases. These results identify a previously unrecognized class of MIF and provide a quantitative framework for interpreting oxygen isotope signatures in radiation-processed environments, including interstellar grains and early solar system materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2610806123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:44:30Z","timestamp":1792601070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mass-independent oxygen isotope fractionation driven by energetic-particle irradiation of icy solids"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0861-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01j8e0j24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physics, California State University","place":["San Marcos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7804-1468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01j8e0j24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physics, California State University","place":["San Marcos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Tafla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01j8e0j24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physics, California State University","place":["San Marcos"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046rm7j60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California","place":["Los Angeles"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5695-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01j8e0j24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physics, California State University","place":["San Marcos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046rm7j60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California","place":["Los Angeles"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1827-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"McKeegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046rm7j60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California","place":["Los Angeles"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-680X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physics, Washington University of St. Louis","place":["St. Louis"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4111.485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/174689"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"C. Molini-Velsko T. K. Mayeda R. N. Clayton \u201cSilicon isotopes in components of the allende meteorite\u201d in Lunar and Planetary Science XIV Conference (Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston TX 1983) pp. 509\u2013510."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/gsrmg.55.1.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35085525"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-082214-122505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-032511-143657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4926527"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1803507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.219.4588.1073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"849","volume-title":"Protostars and Planets V","author":"Yurimoto H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"H. Yurimoto , \u201cOrigin and evolution of oxygen-isotopic compositions of the solar system\u201d in Protostars and Planets V, B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, K. Keil, Eds. (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 2007), pp. 849\u2013862."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/713\/1\/L59"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2021.86.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499231"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","volume-title":"STAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR: Computer Programs for Calculating Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions (version 1.2.3)","author":"Berger M. J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"M. J. Berger, J. S. Coursey, M. A. Zucker, J. Chang, STAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR: Computer Programs for Calculating Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions (version 1.2.3) (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.1999.tb01371.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.20000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","unstructured":"G. Dominguez Data and code used for processing data. Zenodo. https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/23047073. Deposited 29 September 2026."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2610806123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2610806123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1792601123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2610806123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2610806123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2610806123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2610806123"}}