{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:39:38Z","timestamp":1786390778739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.602983\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.602983\/2021-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.834559\/2023-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.834559\/2023-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305176\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305176\/2021-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\/26804-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\/26804-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408468\/2024-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408468\/2024-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Light therapies, such as photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy, have demonstrated effective therapeutical response. However, external irradiation and targeting internal organs is challenging due to high light attenuation and the interindividual anatomical variability, strongly affecting light dosimetry. When considering lung diseases, such as pneumonia and inflammatory conditions, light dosimetry using transcutaneous delivery must consider the total light path from skin coupling through thoracic tissues to the fluence rate reaching the lungs. We here present a computational model based on Monte Carlo simulation developed in house to determine the light dosimetry in the lungs for different wavelengths in normal and diseased lungs. The simulation uses the actual anatomical models derived from human CT scans to generate 3D representations of the thoracic cavity, including 12 distinct tissue types. The lungs were segmented into normal, collapsed regions, infiltrate, and blood vessels. Wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering coefficients for each tissue type were estimated by the reported data in the literature. Our analysis focused on normalized energy deposition profiles defined as \u00b5\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    *fluence rate and fluence rate distributions within each lobe from normal, focal, and diffuse pneumonia, and COVID-19 conditions, under different irradiation positions. The results reveal significant variations in energy deposition and fluence rate distribution across different lung conditions and irradiation parameters, highlighting the need for individualized light dosimetry planning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2612370123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:09:16Z","timestamp":1786388956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomy-resolved digital twin framework for personalized light dosimetry in lung therapies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Johan Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Diaz Tovar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physics and Materials Science Department, S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio Pola","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Tan","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physics and Materials Science Department, S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Manuel","family":"P\u00eago-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Higa","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Yakovlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04663jx74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Agriculture & Mechanical University","place":["College Station"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanderlei Salvador","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physics and Materials Science Department, S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04663jx74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Agriculture & Mechanical University","place":["College Station"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Doronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0040r6f76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Computer Science Division, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington","place":["Wellington, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Kurachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Physics and Materials Science Department, S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd). Accessed 11 August 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000722"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-006-0409-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-019-00658-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00980-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-01757-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01437-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Internal light refrefsource for deep photodynamic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Li B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"B. Li, L. Lin, Internal light refrefsource for deep photodynamic therapy. Light Sci. Appl. 11, 83 (2022).","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpap.2023.100197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21748-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Honda K. Ishii K. Awazu \u201cOptical properties measurement of the laser-ablated tissues for the combined laser ablation with photodynamic therapy\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE 8221 Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIII E. Duco Jansen R. J. Thomas Eds. (SPEI San Francisco CA 2012). pp. 53\u201361.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.907688"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1032256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Cai Phototherapy in cancer treatment: Strategies and challenges. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 10 115 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02140-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9872.S1-e001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"V. S. Bagnato \u201cTerapia Fotodin\u00e2mica Dermatol\u00f3gica: Programa TFD Brasil\u201d (ISBN 978-85-5722-550-3 Compacta Gr\u00e1fica e Editora S\u00e3o Carlos SP 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","volume-title":"The Science of Phototherapy: An Introduction","author":"Grossweiner L. I.","year":"2005","unstructured":"L. I. Grossweiner, The Science of Phototherapy: An Introduction (Springer-Verlag, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"No time to wait","volume":"54","author":"Bryan-Wilson J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Bryan-Wilson, No time to wait. Artforum Int. 54, 113\u2013114 (2016).","journal-title":"Artforum Int."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2001)074<0656:THOPAP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm040074b"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03452-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01104-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2632010X221127683"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/11\/R37"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. N. Bashkatov E. A. Genina V. I. Kochubey V. V. Tuchin \u201cOptical properties of human cranial bone in the spectral range from 800 to 2000 nm\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Saratov Fall Meeting 2005: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine VII V. V. Tuchin Ed. (SPIE 2006). p. 616310.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.697305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/38\/15\/004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545811001319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14316\/pmp.2021.32.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201100062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","unstructured":"P. Pahal V. Rajasurya A. D. Nguyen \u201cTypical bacterial pneumonia\u201d in StatPearls [Internet] (StatPearls Publishing Treasure Island FL 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9253"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01575-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-024-01422-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1009-0630\/7\/2\/021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Aschaber \u201cThe challenge of realistic TPV system modeling\u201d in Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity: Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity T. J. Coutts G. Guazzoni J. Luther Eds. (AIP Conference Proceedings Melville NY 2003) vol. 653 pp. 79\u201390.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1539366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.496516"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.472530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.55.009875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.6.1.015004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Fekrazad \u201cPhotobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy in COVID-19 management\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Photonic Diagnosis Monitoring Prevention and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases M. R. Hamblin Y. Y. Huang Eds. (SPIE 2021) vol. 1162606.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2579410"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45351-0_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. C. Geralde \u201cPulmonary decontamination for photodynamic inactivation with extracorporeal illumination\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Endoscopic Microscopy IX; and Optical Techniques in Pulmonary Medicine G. J. Tearney T. D. Wang M. J. Suter Eds. (SPIE Bellingham WA 2014) vol. 8927 54\u201359.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2039366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.202300381"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Carreira Geralde G. Kassab N. M. Inada C. Kurachi V. S. Bagnato \u201cPDI using nebulized indocyanine green for pneumonia treatment\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Endoscopic Microscopy XIII M. J. Suter G. J. Tearney T. D. Wang Eds. (SPEI Bellingham WA 2018) vol. 10470. pp. 104700H-1\u2013104700H-6.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2291987"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. E. Grossman Fluence rate differences in photodynamic therapy efficacy and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor after treatment of the tumor-involved murine thoracic cavity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17 101 (2016).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Oakley Computational optimization of irradiance and fluence for interstitial photodynamic therapy treatment of patients with malignant central airway obstruction. Cancers 15 2636 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Dimofte \u201cLight dosimetry and dose verification for pleural PDT\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXII D. H. Kessel T. Hasan Eds. (SPEI Bellingham WA 2013) vol. 8568 pp. 155-166.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2004941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L. Sandell T. Zhu \u201cMonte Carlo simulation of light fluence calculation during pleural PDT\u201d in Proceedings of SPIE: Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXII D. H. Kessel T. Hasan Eds. (SPEI Bellingham WA 2013) vol. 8568.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2005944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab7632"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Sun D. Sourvanos B. Byrd T. C. Zhu \u201cValidation of a real-time navigation system for pleural photodynamic therapy with 3D-printed lung phantom and various optical properties\u201d in Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXXII. Proceedings of SPIE D. H. Kessel T. Hasan E. V. Maytin Eds. (SPIE Bellingham WA 2024) vol. 12823.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3002927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Sun Comprehensive reanalysis of light fluence distribution in pleural photodynamic therapy using standardized anatomical coordinates. Photochem. Photobiol. 101 1165\u20131176 (2025).","DOI":"10.1111\/php.14063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-022-00991-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13213340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214171"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202300494"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202200185"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.230024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0060-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-020-00173-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.402929"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Meglinski A. Doronin A. N. Bashkatov E. A. Genina V. V. Tuchin \u201cDermal component-based optical modeling of skin translucency: Impact on skin color\u201d in Computational Biophysics of the Skin B. Querleux Ed. (Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Singapore 2014) pp. 25\u201361.","DOI":"10.1201\/b17205-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.2.025005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Alexander D. Alexander I. Meglinski \u201cLight propagation in turbid tissue-like scattering media\u201d in Deep Imaging in Tissue and Biomedical Materials: Using Linear and Nonlinear Optical Methods L. Shi R. R. Alfano Eds. (Jenny Stanford Publishing Singapore 2017) pp. 295\u2013322.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315206554-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.515962"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70954-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","unstructured":"Cloud Monte Carlo for light transport. http:\/\/biophotonics.fi\/. Accessed 11 October 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","unstructured":"J. S. Diaz Tovar Monte Carlo modeling of light propagation in healthy and diseased human lungs. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/JohanDiazTovar\/Monte-Carlo-Modeling-of-Light-Propagation-in-Healthy-and-Diseased-Human-Lungs.git. Deposited 25 July 2026."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2612370123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:10:39Z","timestamp":1786389039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2612370123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2612370123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2612370123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2612370123"}}