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Complement activation could not be initiated in the serum of deficient mice by the alternative pathway activators rabbit erythrocytes and zymosan. Surprisingly, injection of cobra venom factor (CVF) caused a profound and reproducible reduction in serum C3 levels, whereas, as expected, there was no C3 reduction in factor B-deficient mice treated similarly. Studies of C3 and factor B activation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    by CVF demonstrated that in factor D-deficient serum the \u03b1 chain of C3 was cleaved gradually over a period of 60 min without detectable cleavage of factor B. CVF-dependent C3 cleavage in the deficient serum required the presence of Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , whereas in normal mouse serum the presence of divalent cations was not required. These results suggest that in mouse proteolytic cleavage of factor B by factor D is not an absolute requirement for the zymogen to active enzyme conformational transition of CVF-bound factor B. Kinetics of opsonization of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    by C3 fragments was much slower in factor D-deficient serum, suggesting a significant contribution of the alternative pathway to antibacterial host defense early after infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261428398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:07Z","timestamp":1027679707000},"page":"14577-14582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Complement activation in factor D-deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138; and Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u201cA. 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