{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:34:56Z","timestamp":1790937296275,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although continuous highly active antiretroviral therapy\n (HAART) is effective for many HIV-infected patients, it can be toxic\n and prohibitive in cost. By decreasing the total amount of time\n patients receive medications, intermittent HAART could reduce toxicity\n and cost. Therefore, we initiated a pilot study in which 10\n HIV-infected individuals receiving effective therapy that resulted in\n levels of HIV RNA &lt;50 copies per ml of plasma and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\n cell counts &gt;300 cells per mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    of whole blood received\n repeated cycles of 7 days on HAART followed by 7 days off of HAART.\n Patients maintained suppression of plasma viremia for 32\u201368 weeks.\n There was no significant increase in HIV proviral DNA or\n replication-competent HIV in peripheral CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells or HIV\n RNA in peripheral blood or lymph node mononuclear cells. There was no\n significant change in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell counts, no significant\n increase in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells expressing\n activation markers or producing IFN-\u03b3 in response to HIV, no increase\n in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell proliferation to p24 antigen, and no\n evidence for the development of resistance to HAART medications. There\n was a significant decrease in serum cholesterol and triglyceride\n levels. Thus, in this proof-of-concept study, short-cycle intermittent\n HAART maintained suppression of plasma viremia as well as HIV\n replication in reservoir sites while preserving CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell\n counts. In addition, there was a decrease in serum cholesterol and\n triglyceride levels. Intermittent therapy may be an important strategy\n to reduce cost and toxicity for HIV-infected individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261568398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"15161-15166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Short-cycle structured intermittent treatment of chronic HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy: Effects on virologic, immunologic, and toxicity parameters"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Dybul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Wook","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Yoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Belson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Hertogs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Larder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Dewar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and\r Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;\r VIRCO, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium; 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Science\r Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD 21701;\r Molecular Histology Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20886;\r and Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC\r 20009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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