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These declines were detected both via direct sampling and acoustic sensing, providing independent corroboration. Genomic analyses indicate reductions in genetic diversity among dominant taxa, both a corroboration and a consequence of the decline. Furthermore, resource managers report that these trends parallel those of managed or protected Gulf species that are dependent on deep-pelagic prey, including endangered species (e.g., beaked whales, Rice\u2019s whale). No naturally occurring factors (e.g., temperature, oxygen, food supply) correlated with the observed declines, suggesting an anthropogenic proximate cause. That the declines began shortly after the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Deepwater Horizon<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil spill points to that event as the most parsimonious explanation. These findings suggest that despite its immense size the deep-pelagic biome is vulnerable to human-induced disturbance and possesses limited resilience to facilitate recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2616554123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:01:49Z","timestamp":1792436509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immense but not immutable: A sudden and sustained decline in deep-pelagic life in a large oceanic ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5280-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey T.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042bbge36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey 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