{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:31:28Z","timestamp":1791196288105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Voltage-gated sodium channels composed of pore-forming \u03b1 and auxiliary \u03b2 subunits are responsible for the rising phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle, but the functional roles of distinct sodium channel subtypes have not been clearly defined. Immunocytochemical studies show that the principal cardiac pore-forming \u03b1 subunit isoform Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.5 is preferentially localized in intercalated disks, whereas the brain \u03b1 subunit isoforms Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.1, Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.3, and Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.6 are localized in the transverse tubules. Sodium currents due to the highly tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive brain isoforms in the transverse tubules are small and are detectable only after activation with \u03b2 scorpion toxin. Nevertheless, they play an important role in coupling depolarization of the cell surface membrane to contraction, because low TTX concentrations reduce left ventricular function. Our results suggest that the principal cardiac isoform in the intercalated disks is primarily responsible for action potential conduction between cells and reveal an unexpected role for brain sodium channel isoforms in the transverse tubules in coupling electrical excitation to contraction in cardiac muscle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261705699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1027679856000},"page":"4073-4078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["An unexpected role for brain-type sodium channels in coupling of cell surface depolarization to contraction in the heart"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Sebastian K. 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