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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NEAT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has two isoforms that serve as core structural components of paraspeckles. Although the regulatory functions of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NEAT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a noncoding RNA are well established, it has remained unclear whether the short polyadenylated isoform,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NEAT1_1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encodes a functional microprotein. Herein, we identify\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NEAT1_1<\/jats:italic>\n                    encodes a microprotein, which we name PSNEAT1 (phase-separating NEAT1 microprotein). PSNEAT1 localizes to the fibrillar center of nucleolus, where it enhances ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription, ribosome biogenesis, and tumor growth. Notably, depletion of PSNEAT1 results in pronounced nucleolar disorganization. Mechanistically, PSNEAT1 directly binds both rDNA and the DNA helicase WRN, thus facilitating WRN recruitment to nucleolus by liquid\u2013liquid phase separation (LLPS). Collectively, our study reveals an LLPS-dependent mechanism by which the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NEAT1_1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -encoded microprotein PSNEAT1 regulates nucleolar structure and function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2617103123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:12:31Z","timestamp":1790093551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>NEAT1_1<\/i>\n                    -encoded microprotein PSNEAT1 drives rDNA transcription via phase separation with WRN"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast 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Yang S. Gao Effect of PSNEAT1 knockout on gene expression and ribosome biogenesis in NCI-H1299 cells. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE333657. 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