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Correspondingly, peer play between neighboring offspring was more frequent when they were closer in age. Mothers also incurred energetic costs; on days their offspring played with peers, mothers traveled farther and spent less time feeding. Travel distances were also elevated on the days before and after play, with mothers orienting movement toward play partners\u2019 core areas before play and back toward their own core areas after play. This suggests these encounters are planned and actively pursued over multiple days rather than arising by chance. These findings reveal that orangutan mothers incorporate their infants\u2019 social needs into daily ranging decisions, at a cost to their own energy budgets. This points toward an underappreciated form of maternal investment and illustrates how the social requirements of development can be met even near the solitary extreme of animal social organization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2621225123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:04:50Z","timestamp":1791309890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal ranging strategies facilitate offspring social play at energetic cost in the most solitary ape"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odd T.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026stee22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal 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