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Vaccination of outbred Sprague-Dawley rats with N1-methylpseudouridine-modified or unmodified Lalba mRNA-LNP induced different degrees of LALBA-specific and nonspecific immune responses. The vaccination suppressed carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis and improved tumor-free and overall survival without obvious toxicity in the normal mammary glands and other organs. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that vaccination decreases the frequency of a proliferative LP population in immunoreactive early epithelial hyperplasia. Overall, we provide proof of principle that prophylactic Lalba mRNA-LNP has the potential to suppress the initiation and progression of early breast neoplastic lesions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2621855123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:36:43Z","timestamp":1788370603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breast cancer prevention by prophylactic Lalba mRNA-LNP vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Nishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jzgtq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","place":["Boston"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical 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