{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:04:02Z","timestamp":1789581842052,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1400202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1400202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rice blast fungus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Magnaporthe oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    senses plant surface cues, such as cutin monomers, to initiate appressorium formation. Although cutin monomers are known to trigger the cAMP\u2013protein kinase A signaling pathway, their fungal receptor has remained unknown. Here, we identify the adenylate cyclase Mac1 as a direct receptor for cutin monomers in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A 32-amino acid segment (residues 424 to 455) in Mac1\u2019s N terminus is specifically required for its binding to and activation by cutin monomers. Strikingly, Mac1\u2019s subcellular localization dictates its functional response to cutin monomers: when anchored to late endosomes, Mac1 promotes appressorium maturation in a cutin monomer\u2013dependent manner; in contrast, cytosolic Mac1 is inhibited by the same ligand, leading to reduced cAMP accumulation and failed appressorium maturation. We show that both the appressorium-specific membrane protein Pams1 and high intracellular turgor are required for stable Mac1 anchoring to late endosomes. Our findings reveal a spatial regulatory mechanism whereby a single chemical signal elicits opposing cellular responses depending on receptor localization during appressorium development in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This work resolves a long-standing question in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013plant interactions, establishes a molecular framework for how this pathogen decodes host-derived chemical signals, and advances our mechanistic understanding of fungal pathogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2625812123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:37:27Z","timestamp":1789580247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adenylate cyclase Mac1 functions as a cutin monomer receptor to drive appressorium development and infection in\n                    <i>Magnaporthe oryzae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a2xv884","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a2xv884","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qbc3192","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyue","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a2xv884","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qbc3192","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01knv0402","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Medicine, Linyi University","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qbc3192","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiongyi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qbc3192","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qbc3192","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00a2xv884","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Xianghu Laboratory","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.39.1.385"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3869811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2023.101979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009656"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9654"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.50.1.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06616.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1996.0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1997.0105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.107.051219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.11.10.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"1973","article-title":"The adenylate cyclase gene MAC1 of Magnaporthe grisea controls appressorium formation and other aspects of growth and development","volume":"9","author":"Choi W. B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"W. B. Choi, R. A. Dean, The adenylate cyclase gene MAC1 of Magnaporthe grisea controls appressorium formation and other aspects of growth and development. Plant Cell 9, 1973\u20131983 (1997).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14347"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003527"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.955254"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-024-00225-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006954"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"1703","article-title":"MAP kinase and protein kinase A-dependent mobilization of triacylglycerol and glycogen during appressorium turgor generation by Magnaporthe grisea","volume":"12","author":"Thines E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"E. Thines, R. W. S. Weber, N. J. Talbot, MAP kinase and protein kinase A-dependent mobilization of triacylglycerol and glycogen during appressorium turgor generation by Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Cell 12, 1703\u20131718 (2000).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023684503883"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002911"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000897"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8019-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2002.129.pl6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006449"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-5975(89)90036-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1637-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-1845(02)00587-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01416"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1996.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.9.1075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003612"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07859.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.845139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15753"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2625812123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:38:18Z","timestamp":1789580298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2625812123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2625812123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2625812123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2625812123"}}