{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:24:49Z","timestamp":1781108689824,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The consolidation theory states that with the passage of time the engram of a recent learning experience grows increasingly resistant to disruption by amnesic treatment. The time required to reach complete resistance (\u201cconsolidation time\u201d) is a controversial issue; current estimates range from 10\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    seconds. The present study suggests a parsimonious interpretation of the divergence, namely, that weak amnesic treatments fail to block memory consolidation but do slow its rate, so that post-treatment consolidation inflates the retention scores measured 24 hours later and leads to variably shortened \u201cconsolidation times.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study utilized 2880 neonate chicks trained in a one-trial avoidance paradigm. Retrograde amnesia was induced by treatment with flurothyl (CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    CH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -OCH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) vapor. Apparent \u201cconsolidation times\u201d determined by conventional data analysis varied widely as a function of flurothyl concentration and exposure time, ranging from 4 minutes under weak amnesic conditions (0.85% flurothyl; 1-min exposure) to 24 hours under strong conditions (1.7% flurothyl; 8-min exposure). With 1.7% flurothyl, the consolidation half-time was found to be 9.8 hours.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.63.4.1094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T02:14:52Z","timestamp":1149041692000},"page":"1094-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["KINETICS OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION: ROLE OF AMNESIC TREATMENT PARAMETERS"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Arthur","family":"Cherkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PSYCHOBIOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORY, VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HOSPITAL, SEPULVEDA, CALIFORNIA"},{"name":"DIVISION OF ANESTHESIA, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (LOS ANGELES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.63.4.1094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T10:15:39Z","timestamp":1649844939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.63.4.1094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.63.4.1094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.63.4.1094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1969-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}