{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:27:35Z","timestamp":1781105255834,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The effects of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations on the binding of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin to intact nerves and to a preparation of solubilized nerve membranes have been examined. All eight divalent and trivalent cations tested, and the monovalent ions Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Tl\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    appear to compete reversibly with the toxins for their binding site. The ability of lithium to reduce toxin binding is paralleled by its ability to reduce tetrodotoxin-sensitive ion fluxes through the nerve membrane. We conclude that the toxins act at a metal cation binding site in the sodium channel and suggest that this site is the principal coordination site for cations (normally Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions) as they pass through the membrane during an action potential. The dissociation constant for Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    is 0.1-0.2 M and for Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; 0.6 M, reflecting the weak binding necessary for rapid passage of sodium ions through the channel.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T02:48:12Z","timestamp":1149043692000},"page":"3936-3940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Evidence That Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin Act at a Metal Cation Binding Site in the Sodium Channels of Nerve Membrane"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Strichartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T10:39:55Z","timestamp":1649846395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3936","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1974-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}