{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:55:11Z","timestamp":1781103311175,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebellum consists of two parts: the cerebellar nuclei whose connections to the various parts of the central nervous system coordinate muscle movements, and the cerebellar cortex which exerts an inhibitory influence on the cerebellar nuclei through the release of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (\u03b3Abu) from Purkinje cells. The activity of Purkinje cells is regulated by two excitatory inputs to the cerebellar cortex\u2014the climbing and mossy fibers\u2014and by a neuronal network within the cortex which inhibits the activity of Purkinje cells through the release of \u03b3Abu from interneurons. The net activity of Purkinje cells is related to their content of guanosine 3\u2032:5\u2032-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) which increases or decreases according to changes in the activity of climbing and mossy fibers as well as to changes in the activation of \u03b3Abu receptors. When these receptors are activated, the cGMP of Purkinje cells decreases; when they are inhibited, the cGMP increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The cGMP content of the cerebellar cortex is altered by drugs that change either the excitatory input of climbing or mossy fibers or the inhibitory input mediated by the activation of \u03b3Abu receptors. Mechanisms by which various drugs alter the cerebellar content of cGMP were investigated. By using various experimental designs, it was shown that diazepam and muscimol lowered the cGMP content by activating \u03b3Abu receptors. In contrast, morphine and haloperidol lowered the cerebellar cortex cGMP by decreasing the excitation of mossy fibers whereas harmaline increased the cGMP by increasing the excitation of the climbing fibers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T03:33:41Z","timestamp":1149046421000},"page":"3592-3596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Mechanisms by which diazepam, muscimol, and other drugs change the content of cGMP in cerebellar cortex"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Biggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 20032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. B.","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 20032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 20032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Guidotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D. C. 20032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T10:56:59Z","timestamp":1649847419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1977-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}