{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:53:18Z","timestamp":1781103198589,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,4]]},"abstract":"\n Previous research from this laboratory has demonstrated CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -fixing and H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -uptake capacities of certain strains of\n Rhizobium japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n . In this report we have shown that SR, a H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -uptake-positive (Hup\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ) strain of\n R. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n , is capable of autotrophic growth with H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n as the energy source. Growth occurred on mineral salts\/vitamins\/Noble agar, mineral salts\/vitamins liquid medium (0.27 \u03bcg of C as vitamins per ml), and in mineral salts liquid medium with no added vitamins when cultures were provided with NH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n Cl and incubated in an atmosphere containing H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n . Little or no growth occurred when either H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n or CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n was omitted from the atmosphere or when the culture was inoculated with SR3, a Hup\n -<\/jats:sup>\n mutant of SR. Growth was measured by protein synthesis, fixed organic carbon, and increase in cell number in liquid cultures. The organism that grew autotrophically was verified as\n R. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n by (\n i<\/jats:italic>\n ) apparent purity on streak plates; (\n ii<\/jats:italic>\n ) retention of the double antibiotic resistance markers; and (\n iii<\/jats:italic>\n ) its capability to nodulate soybeans. H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n - and CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -supported growth was demonstrated for three additional Hup\n +<\/jats:sup>\n wild-type\n R. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n strains (USDA 136, 3I1b 6, and 3I1b 143), while three Hup\n -<\/jats:sup>\n wild-type strains (USDA 120, 3I1b 144, and USDA 117) were incapable of growth on the Noble agar medium containing mineral salts\/vitamins in the H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n atmosphere. This demonstrated capability of Hup\n +<\/jats:sup>\n R. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n strains to grow autotrophically requires revision of current concepts regarding conditions for survival and competition of these bacteria in the soil and their relationships to other microorganisms.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T03:58:12Z","timestamp":1149047892000},"page":"1788-1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Autotrophic growth of H\n 2<\/sub>\n -uptake-positive strains of\n Rhizobium japonicum<\/i>\n in an atmosphere supplied with hydrogen gas"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"F. Joe","family":"Hanus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Nitrogen Fixation Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Nitrogen Fixation Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Nitrogen Fixation Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1979,4]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T11:28:25Z","timestamp":1649849305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1979-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}