{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:06:27Z","timestamp":1781107587388,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Baby hamster kidney or HeLa cells form tumors in 100% of athymic\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. When such cells are persistently infected (PI) with RNA viruses, such as mumps or measles virus, the tumor cells either fail to grow or form circumscribed benign nodules. Neither the parental nor the virus PI tumor cells form invasive or metastatic lesions in\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. Previous studies have indicated a correlation between the susceptibility of virus-PI tumor cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and their failure to grow\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Because interferon (IF) is the principal regulatory molecule governing the differentiation of NK cells, it was possible to test the relevance of the IF-NK cell system\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    to restriction of tumor growth by treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice with anti-IF globulin. This treatment was shown to reduce both IF production and NK activity in spleen cells. Both parental and virus-PI tumor cells grew and formed larger tumors in\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice treated with anti-IF globulin than in control\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. The viral-PI tumor cells and the uninfected parental cells formed tumors in treated mice that were highly invasive and often metastatic. Some human tumor types have been notoriously difficult to establish as tumor lines in\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice (e.g., primary human prostatic carcinomas). When transplanted into\n                    <jats:italic>nude<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice treated either with anti-IF globulin or anti-lymphocyte serum, two prostatic carcinomas grew and produced neoplasms with local invasiveness and some metastases. The results are consistent with the view that interferon may be important in restricting the growth, invasiveness, and metastases of tumor cells by acting indirectly through components of the immune system, such as NK cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T04:37:48Z","timestamp":1149050268000},"page":"1171-1175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Influence of anti-mouse interferon serum on the growth and metastasis of tumor cells persistently infected with virus and of human prostatic tumors in athymic\n                    <i>nude<\/i>\n                    mice"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Lola M.","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagahiro","family":"Minato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion","family":"Gresser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kadish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry R.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,2]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T11:40:06Z","timestamp":1649850006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.78.2.1171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1981-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}