{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:53:51Z","timestamp":1781106831565,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mice fed a semipurified, vitamin A-deficient diet (A- mice) and control animals fed the same diet with added retinyl acetate (A+ mice) were used to investigate the effect of vitamin A deficiency on primary immunoglobulin responses to protein antigens. At age 6 weeks, A- mice had serum retinol concentrations that were 46% of A+ controls. When immunized with a single antigen dose, these mice produced an antigen-specific IgM response equivalent to controls, but their IgG1 and IgG3 responses were sharply diminished (less than 30% of A+ controls). At age 8 weeks, A- mice had 20% of A+ serum retinol concentrations and less than 17% of A+ liver retinyl palmitate levels. Responding to a single antigen dose, A- mice produced approximately equal to 70% as much IgM as A+ controls. Their IgG1 response was less than 30% and their IgG3 response less than 3% of A+ controls. The IgG1 response kinetics were identical in A- and A+ mice. Diminished serum antibody responses in A- mice were attributable to fewer immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells rather than to a decline in IgM or IgG secretion rate per cell. Total serum IgG3 levels, irrespective of antigen specificity, were slightly elevated in A- mice compared to A+ controls. The inefficient clonal expansion of responding B lymphocytes and contrasting impairment of IgM and IgG responses observed in vitamin A-deficient mice are discussed with respect to a possible helper\/inducer-T-lymphocyte defect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:23:37Z","timestamp":1149056617000},"page":"5878-5882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Contrasting impairments in IgM and IgG responses of vitamin A-deficient mice."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"S M","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C E","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5878","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:35:32Z","timestamp":1649853332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1987-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}