{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:32:53Z","timestamp":1781109173842,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. strain CpI1 has two glutamine synthetases. Glutamine synthetase I (GSI) is present during growth on ammonium or N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and is similar to classical prokaryotic glutamine synthetases. Gel-filtration chromatography gave a molecular weight estimate of about 680,000 for the GSI holoenzyme, and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a subunit molecular weight of about 59,000, indicating that GSI is most likely a dodecamer. GSI is regulated by adenylylation, as shown by the presence of two spots on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by its behavior during treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase. GSII is derepressed during nitrogen starvation and accounts for about 95% of the glutamine synthetase activity in nitrogen-starved cells. It is heat-labile and has a subunit molecular weight of about 43,000.\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia<\/jats:italic>\n                    GSII is similar to GSII enzymes found in all but one member of the Rhizobiaceae analyzed to date. The presence of a second glutamine synthetase in\n                    <jats:italic>Frankia<\/jats:italic>\n                    lends support to the proposal that symbiotic organisms have unique modes of nitrogen nutrition but reopens questions about the origins and uniqueness of GSII genes in members of the Rhizobiaceae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:23:39Z","timestamp":1149056619000},"page":"6126-6130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The actinorhizal root-nodule symbiont\n                    <i>Frankia<\/i>\n                    sp. strain CpI1 has two glutamine synthetases"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Edmands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Noridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:32:35Z","timestamp":1649853155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.84.17.6126","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1987-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}